Table of Cell Structure and Functions.
| Cell part | Structure | Functions |
| Cell Wall | *Nonliving, rigid, composed of cellulose, present. *In plants, the cell wall is made mostly of a substance called cellulose, which is like a long chain of sugars. *In bacteria, their cell wall is made of a substance called peptidoglycan, which is a mix of sugars and amino acids. | *Provides rigidity and shape to plant cells. *It provides structural support, protection, and mechanical strength to the cell. |
| Cell membrane | *Living, selectively permeable flexible. *The cell membrane is like a protective skin that surrounds all cells. *The cell membrane is made up of molecules called phospholipids. | *Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. *Keeps the contents together. *It acts as a protective barrier. *It plays a role in cell recognition and signalling processes. |
| Cytoplasm | *Jelly-like, thick ground substance that is found inside cells. *The cytoplasm is composed of water, proteins, salts, and various molecules. | *Holds all organelles and provides a medium for all cell activities. |
| Nucleus | *Rounded or oval, surrounded by a double-membraned nuclear envelope. *The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. | *The control centre of the cell (controls all cell activities Inherits characters from parent cell to daughter cells during cell division. |
| Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | *Network of membrane-bound channels. *Two main regions of ER *A. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER). *B. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER). | *Forms supporting framework. *Helps in the transport of substances within the cell. *It plays an important role in the synthesis, processing, and transport of proteins and lipids. *Calcium storage and Release. |
| Golgi complex | *Stacks of tubes (cisternae) vacuoles and vesicles. | *Associated with secretion and storage. *The Golgi complex plays a vital role in modifying proteins that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). *Its main function is to deliver proteins and lipids, to specific destinations within the cell and for secretion. |
| Mitochondria | *Double-membraned structures with respiratory enzymes. | *The powerhouse of the cell due to its role in energy production. *Site of respiration and release of energy. |
| Plastids | *Double-membraned structures (only in plant cells). *Plastids have a double-membrane structure, consisting of an outer membrane and an inner membrane. They also have an internal space known as the stroma, which contains a matrix-like substance. *Three main types of plastids are: *(a) Chloroplasts *(b) Chromoplasts *(c) Amyloplasts | *Site of photosynthesis (Chloroplasts). *Give colour to flowers and fruits (chromoplasts). *Store starch, proteins and fats (leucoplasts). |
| Ribosomes | *Small granules, scattered in the cytoplasm or attached to ER membranes. | *Protein factory of cells |
| Lysosomes | *Contain tissue-dissolving enzymes. *Lysosomes have a spherical shape and are surrounded by a single membrane known as the lysosomal membrane. *The interior of the lysosome is filled with an acidic fluid called the lumen. | *Suicide bags. *Help in the digestion of foreign bodies and worn-out parts of the cell. *Lysosomal enzymes are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and then transported to the Golgi apparatus, |
| Centrosome | *Formed small tubules (only in animal cells). *It is often located near the nucleus, close to the cell’s center. *The centrosome is composed of two centrioles and surrounding pericentriolar material (PCM). | *Formation of the spindle during cell division. *The centrosome plays a crucial role in cell division, organization of the cytoskeleton, and cell motility. |
| Vacuole | *Clear space in the centre of the plant cells; filled with cell sap. *Vacuoles have a single membrane called the tonoplast, which surrounds the fluid-filled interior known as the vacuolar lumen. | *Vacuoles can store various substances such as water, ions, nutrients, pigments, sugars, proteins, and secondary metabolites. *Vacuoles play a role in waste management and the degradation of cellular components. *Vacuoles can participate in plant defense mechanisms. |
Related Links
- Differences between Unicellular and Multicellular Organism
- Differences between Plant cell and animal cell
- Cell Structure and Functions list
- Human Body Facts
- Branches of Biology
- Floating and Sinking
- Greenhouse gases and its Effects
- Motion in Physics – Definition, Laws, Types of Motion
- Sound and its related terms
- Differences between Unicellular and Multicellular Organism
- Differences between Plant cell and animal cell
- Cell Structure and Functions list
- Elements and their Symbols with atomic numbers
- First 118 elements of the periodic table with their symbols and typical valences
- List of Important Abbreviations for various competitive exam
- Human Body Facts
- Branches of Biology
- Democracy Government
- 11 Famous Slogans of Indian Freedom Fighters
- Fundamental Rights
- Writs of the Indian Constitution
- Computer Networking notes
- Class 10 Rabi, Kharif and Zaid Crops notes
- List of Computer Abbreviation
- List of people considered father or Mother of a field in India
- Red and Yellow Soil
- Black Soil
- Alluvial Soils
- Soil of India
- The Earth
- Vedic Civilisation Iron Age Civilisation
- What is History
- Indus Valley Civilisation
- Currency
- All about FIR First Information Report
- Country Capital Currency
- Ports in India
- History of Reserve Bank of India
- History of Banking System in India
- Borrowing features of the Indian Constitution
- Some Facts About Indian Constitution
- Making of India Constitution
- Layers of atmosphere
- Drainage System of India