Q. What are the 16 Mahajanapadas of ancient India?

Solution:
The 16 Mahajanapadas were ancient Indian kingdoms existed around the 6th to 4th centuries BCE during the time of the Buddha. These kingdoms were powerful regions, each with its own government, economy, and military.

1. Anga 2. Magadha 3. Vajji (Vrijji) 4. Malla 5. Kosala 6. Kashi 7. Vatsa (Vamsa) 8. Kuru 9. Panchala 10. Matsya 11. Shurasena 12. Chedi 13. Avanti 14. Gandhara 15. Kamboja 16. Assaka (Ashmaka)

1. Assaka (Ashmaka)
Region: present-day Maharashtra.
Capital: Potali or Pratishthana.

2. Anga
Region: Modern Bihar and parts of Bengal.
Capital: Champa.

3. Magadha
Region: Modern-day Bihar.
Capital: Rajagriha (later Pataliputra).

4. Vajji (Vrijji)
Region: Northern Bihar.
Capital: Vaishali.

5. Malla
Region: Parts of Uttar Pradesh and Nepal.
Capitals: Kusinara and Pava.

6. Kosala
Region: Modern Uttar Pradesh.
Capital: Shravasti.

7. Kashi
Region: Around present-day Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh).
Capital: Varanasi.

8. Vatsa (Vamsa)
Region: Near modern-day Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh).
Capital: Kaushambi.

9. Kuru
Region: Modern Haryana and Delhi.
Capital: Indraprastha (modern Delhi).

10. Panchala
Region: Parts of Uttar Pradesh.
Capitals: Ahichhatra (Northern Panchala) and Kampilya (Southern Panchala).

11. Matsya
Region: Parts of Rajasthan.
Capital: Viratanagara (modern Bairat).

12. Shurasena
Region: Modern-day western Uttar Pradesh.
Capital: Mathura.

13. Chedi
Region: Present-day Bundelkhand (Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh).
Capital: Shuktimati.

14. Avanti
Region: Modern Madhya Pradesh.
Capitals: Ujjayini and Mahishmati.

15. Gandhara
Region: Modern-day northwest Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Capital: Taxila.

16. Kamboja
Region: Modern Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan.
Capital: Rajapura.

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