Q. What are the main features of the structure of atoms?

Solution:
The main features of the structure of atoms:

• Atoms of all the elements (except hydrogen) are made up of three fundamental (sub-atomic) particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons. (Hydrogen atom lacks neutrons).
• The nucleus is located at the center of the atom. It contains protons and neutrons, which account for the total mass of that atom.
• The nucleus is positively charged due to the presence of protons in it.
• The electrons are outside the nucleus and have negligible mass.
• The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons in it, hence the atom is electrically neutral.
• The electrons revolve rapidly in fixed circular paths around the nucleus. These circular paths are called energy levels or shells or orbits.
• The atoms of different elements contain different numbers of electrons, protons and neutrons.

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