Chapter 2 – The Tsunami
Content Structure
- A. Exercise questions and answers
- Unit I – Comprehension Check
- Unit II – Comprehension Check
- Unit III – Comprehension Check
- Glossary
- Working with the text
- working with language
- Speaking and writing
- B. Additional questions and answers
- Multiple choice questions & answers (MCQs)
- Unit I
- Unit II
- Unit III
- Fill in the blanks
- True or False
- Match the following
- Short-type questions & answers
- Unit I
- Unit II
- Unit III
- Long-type questions & answers
- Multiple choice questions & answers (MCQs)
- C. Grammar questions and answers
A. Exercise questions and answers
Unit I – Comprehension Check
Say whether the following are true or false.
1. Ignesious lost his wife, two children, his father-in-law, and his brother-in-law in the tsunami.
Ans: False.
Statement: Ignesious lost his wife and two children. Only the three other children who came with him were saved.
2. Sanjeev made it to safety after the tsunami.
Ans: False.
Statement: Sanjeev was swept away while trying to save John’s wife.
3. Meghna was saved by a relief helicopter.
Ans: False.
Statement: Meghna was floating on a door made of wood. A wave brought her to the shore.
4. Almas’s father realised that a tsunami was going to hit the island.
Ans: True.
Statement: Almas’s father saw the sea move back and knew a wave was coming.
5. Her mother and aunts were washed away with the tree that they were holding on to.
Ans: True.
Statement: Her mother and aunts held a tree, but the water took them away.
3. Unit II – Comprehension Check
Answer the following in a phrase or sentence.
1. Why did Tilly’s family come to Thailand?
Ans: Tilly’s family came to Thailand for a Christmas holiday in 2004.
2. What were the warning signs that both Tilly and her mother saw?
Ans: The warning signs were the sea rising, bubbling, foaming, and whirlpools.
3. Do you think Tilly’s mother was alarmed by them?
Ans: At first, Tilly’s mother wasn’t scared, but she paid attention when she saw that Tilly was frightened.
4. Where had Tilly seen the sea behaving in the same strange fashion?
Ans: Tilly had seen the sea behave this way in a video during her geography class.
5. Where did the Smith family and the others on the beach go to escape from the tsunami?
Ans: The Smith family and others ran to the third floor of their hotel to save themselves from the tsunami.
6. How do you think her geography teacher felt when he heard about what Tilly had done in Phuket?
Ans: Tilly’s geography teacher must have felt very proud and happy that his lesson helped save lives.
5. Unit III – Comprehension Check
Answer using a phrase or a sentence.
1. In the tsunami, 150,000 people died. How many animals died?
Ans: In the tsunami, 150,000 people died, but only a few animals died.
2. How many people and animals died in Yala National Park?
Ans: In Yala National Park, 60 people and two water buffaloes died.
3. What do people say about the elephants of Yala National Park?
Ans: People say the elephants ran to higher places before the tsunami hit.
4. What did the dogs in Galle do?
Ans: The dogs in Galle refused to go for their regular beach walk, which may have saved their lives.
Glossary
| Archipelago | A group of islands that are close to each other. |
| Tremor | A small shake or vibration during earthquake |
| Chaos | A situation where everything is out of control. |
| Relief helicopters | To make something happen, like action |
| Recede | To move back |
| Traumatised | Feeling very sad for scary experience or Shocked for scary experience |
| Resort | A place where people go for fun |
| Triggered | To make something happen like action |
| Hysterical | To stay strong and not quit when situations are tough. |
| Refuge | A safe place |
| Withstood | To stay strong and not quit when situation are tough. |
| Surge | Force |
Working with the text
Discuss the following questions in class. Then write your own answers.
1. When he felt the earthquake, do you think Ignesious immediately worried about a tsunami? Give reasons for your answer. Which sentence in the text tells you that the Ignesious family did not have any time to discuss and plan their course of action after the tsunami struck?
Ans: No, Ignesious didn’t worry about a wave right away. He only felt the shaking, and he put his TV down so it wouldn’t fall. He didn’t know the wave was coming.
The sentence that shows they had no time to plan:
“In the chaos and confusion, two of his children caught hold of their mother’s father and mother’s brother and rushed in the opposite direction.”
This sentence shows how they were in a hurry and didn’t have time to think or plan.
2. Which words in the list below describe Sanjeev, in your opinion? (Look up the dictionary for words that you are not sure of.)
| cheerful | ambitious | brash | brave | careless |
| heroic | selfless | heartless | humorous |
Use words from the list to complete the three sentences below.
(i) I don’t know if Sanjeev was cheerful, ______________ or ____________.
(ii) I think that he was very brave, ______________ and _____________.
(iii) Sanjeev was not heartless, _____________ or ___________________.
Ans:
(i) I don’t know if Sanjeev was cheerful, ambitious, or humorous.
(ii) I think that he was very brave, heroic, and selfless.
(iii) Sanjeev was not heartless, brash, or careless.
3. How are Meghna’s and Almas’s stories similar?
Ans: Meghna and Almas’s stories are similar because both were swept away by the tsunami but survived.
- Meghna sailed for two days on a wooden door before she got to land.
- Almas caught a log but passed out. He later woke up in a hospital.
- After the accident, they were both very sad because they lost family.
4. What are the different ways in which Tilly’s parents could have reacted to her behavior? What would you have done if you were in their place?
Ans: Tilly’s parents could have told her to calm down or ignored her. But they believed her and ran away, which saved their lives.
I would have listened to Tilly and quickly gone somewhere safe if I were them
5. If Tilly’s award was to be shared, who do you think she should share it with — her parents or her geography teacher?
Ans: Tilly should give her geography teacher her award.
She understood how dangerous it was after her teacher showed her a movie about tsunamis. Because of this lesson.
6. What are the two different ideas about why so few animals were killed in the tsunami? Which idea do you find more believable?
Ans: The two ideas are:
- Animals have a sixth sense that helps them sense danger before humans.
- Animals have better hearing and can feel the earth shake before a tsunami comes.
The second thought makes more sense to me because animals can hear and feel things before people do.
working with language
1. Go through Part I carefully and make a list of as many words as you can find that indicate movement of different kinds. (There is one word that occurs repeatedly — count how many times!) Put them into three categories.
| fast movement | slow movement | neither slow nor fast |
Can you explain why there are many words in one column and not in the others?
Ans:
| fast movement | slow movement | neither slow nor fast |
|---|---|---|
| Rushed | Floating | Moving |
| Ran | Rising | Coming |
| Swept Away | Walking | Falling |
| Jumped | Receding | |
| Screaming |
“Waves” is a word that shows up a lot of times.
The tsunami hit quickly and strongly, so there are more words in the “fast movement” column. The water moved quickly, carrying people and things away. This created a sense of need and speed.
2. Fill in the blanks in the sentences below (the verbs given in brackets will give you a clue).
(i) The earth trembled, but not many people felt it. (tremble)
Ans: The earth trembled, but not many people felt the tremor.
(ii) When the zoo was flooded, there was a lot of and many animals escaped into the countryside. (confuse)
Ans: When the zoo was flooded, there was a lot of confusion and many animals escaped into the countryside.
(iii) We heard with that the lion had been recaptured. (relieve)
Ans: We heard with relief that the lion had been recaptured.
(iv) The zookeeper was stuck in a tree and his was filmed by the TV crew. (rescue)
Ans: The zookeeper was stuck in a tree, and his rescue was filmed by the TV crew.
(v) There was much _ in the village when the snake charmer came visiting. (excite)
Ans: There was much excitement in the village when the snake charmer came visiting.
3. Say whether the following sentences are in the active or the passive voice. Write A or P after each sentence as shown in the first sentence.
(i) Someone stole my bicycle.
(ii) The tires were deflated by the traffic police.
(iii) I found it last night in a ditch near my house.
(iv) It had been thrown there.
(v) My father gave it to the mechanic.
(vi) The mechanic repaired it for me.
Ans:
(i) Someone stole my bicycle. (A)
(ii) The tires were deflated by the traffic police. (P)
(iii) I found it last night in a ditch near my house. (A)
(iv) It had been thrown there. (P)
(v) My father gave it to the mechanic. (A)
(vi) The mechanic repaired it for me. (A)
Speaking and writing
1. Suppose you are one of the volunteers who went to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands for relief work after the tsunami. You work in the relief camps, distributing food, water, and medicine among the victims. You listen to the various stories of bravery of ordinary people even as they fight against odds to bring about some semblance of normalcy in their lives. You admire their grit and determination. Write a diary entry.
You may start in this way.
31 December, 2004
The killer tsunami struck these islands five days ago. But the victims are being brought in even now. Each one has a story to tell.
Ans:
December 31, 2004
This island group was hit by the deadly storm five days ago. But they are still bringing in the victims. There is a story of loss, courage, and survival in each one.
I helped give food, water, and medicine in the relief camp today. Others have lost everything, but they are still trying to be strong. A little girl I met made it through by holding on to a log. She’s still shocked and doesn’t say much. Another man lost his whole family, but he is now helping other people find safety.
The survivors are very brave, even though they are in a lot of pain. There are rescue teams and volunteers going day and night. It breaks my heart, but I’m happy to be here and help in any way I can.
I pray that these people can start over with hope and strength.
—A Volunteer
2. The story shows how a little girl saved the lives of many tourists when a tsunami struck the beach, thanks to the geography lesson that she had learned at school. She remembered the visuals of a tsunami and warned her parents.
Do you remember any incident when something that you learned in the classroom helped you in some way outside the classroom? Write your experiences in a paragraph of about 90–100 words or narrate it to the whole class like an anecdote.
Ans:
I was walking home from school one day when I saw a small fire in a trash can close to my house. I remember learning in science class that water can make an oil or electrical fire more severe, so don’t put it on. I told an adult close to use sand or a fire extinguisher as an alternative. Soon, they put out the fire safely. I was proud of myself for using what I learned in school in real life.
Knowledge gained in the classroom can be quite helpful for situations that happen in everyday life.
B. Additional questions and answers
Multiple choice questions & answers (MCQs)
Unit I
1. When did the tsunami hit?
(a) 26 December 2003
(b) 26 December 2004
(c) 26 November 2004
(d) 26 January 2005
Ans: (b) 26 December 2004
2. What caused the disaster?
(a) A cyclone
(b) An earthquake in the ocean
(c) Heavy rain
(d) A volcano
Ans: (b) An earthquake in the ocean
3. Which country was hit by the tsunami?
(a) China
(b) USA
(c) Japan
(d) Thailand
Ans: (d) Thailand
4. Which parts of India were affected?
(a) Rajasthan and Gujarat
(b) Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Tamil Nadu coast
(c) Delhi and Punjab
(d) Kerala and Karnataka
Ans: (b) Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Tamil Nadu coast
5. Where are these stories from?
(a) Kerala and Karnataka
(b) Delhi and Punjab
(c) Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago
(d) Gujarat and Rajasthan
Ans: (c) Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago
6. Who was Ignesious?
(a) A manager of a cooperative society in Katchall
(b) A teacher in Tamil Nadu
(c) A policeman in Katchall
(d) A fisherman in Andaman
Ans: (a) A manager of a cooperative society in Katchall
7. How many people from Ignesious’s family were saved?
(a) Two Children
(b) Three Children
(c) Four Children
(d) Five Children
Ans: (b) Three Children
8. Who was Sanjeev?
(a) A fisherman in Andaman
(b) A policeman in Katchall
(c) A teacher in Tamil Nadu
(d) A doctor in Nicobar
Ans: (b) A policeman in Katchall
9. Who did Sanjeev try to save?
(a) His wife
(b) His daughter
(c) John’s wife
(d) A fisherman
Ans: (c) John’s wife
10. What happened to Sanjeev and John’s wife?
(a) They both were swept away
(b) They reached safety
(c) A boat rescued them
(d) Sanjeev saved her
Ans: (a) They both were swept away
11. Who floated on a wooden door after the tsunami?
(a) Almas
(b) Sanjeev
(c) Meghna
(d) Ignesious
Ans: (c) Meghna
12. How old was Meghna during the tsunami?
(a) 10 years old
(b) 12 years old
(c) 13 years old
(d) 15 years old
Ans: (c) 13 years old
13. Who helped Meghna reach the shore?
(a) A rescue team
(b) A helicopter
(c) A boat
(d) A big wave
Ans: (d) A big wave
14. Why did Almas’s family go to Nancowry Island?
(a) For a wedding
(b) To visit relatives
(c) To celebrate Christmas
(d) For a vacation
Ans: (c) To celebrate Christmas
15. How old was Almas Javed?
(a) 10 years old
(b) 9 years old
(c) 11 years old
(d) 12 years old
Ans: (a) 10 years old
16. Where did Almas study?
(a) Delhi Public School
(b) Carmel Convent in Port Blair
(c) St. Xavier’s School
(d) Sunrise Academy
Ans: (b) Carmel Convent in Port Blair
17. What did Almas’s father own?
(a) A petrol pump
(b) A grocery store
(c) A bakery
(d) A hotel
Ans: (a) A petrol pump
18. What happened to Almas’s father and grandfather?
(a) They were saved
(b) A boat rescued them
(c) They were both swept away
(d) They ran to safety
Ans: (c) They were both swept away
19. How did Almas’s mother and aunts cling?
(a) To a rock
(b) To a boat
(c) To the leaves of a coconut tree
(d) To a wooden door
Ans: (c) To the leaves of a coconut tree
20. How was Almas saved?
(a) She held onto a log
(b) A rescue team saved her
(c) She climbed a tree
(d) A boat found her
Ans: (a) She held onto a log
Unit II
1. Who was Tilly Smith?
(a) A scientist
(b) A British schoolgirl
(c) A rescue worker
(d) A news reporter
Ans: (b) A British schoolgirl
2. What did Tilly win for her bravery?
(a) A medal
(b) A number of awards
(c) A trip to Thailand
(d) A new schoolbag
Ans: (b) A number of awards
3. Where did Tilly save many lives?
(a) India
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) Phuket beach in Thailand
(d) Andaman Islands
Ans: (c) Phuket beach in Thailand
4. What were Tilly’s parents’ names?
(a) John and Mary Smith
(b) David and Emma Smith
(c) Penny and Colin Smith
(d) Robert and Lily Smith
Ans: (c) Penny and Colin Smith
5. Where was the Smith family from?
(a) South-East England
(b) South Africa
(c) South America
(d) South India
Ans: (a) South-East England
6. How old was Tilly Smith?
(a) 7 years old
(b) 10 years old
(c) 12 years old
(d) 15 years old
Ans: (b) 10 years old
7. Which lesson helped Tilly understand the tsunami?
(a) Science
(b) History
(c) Geography
(d) Math
Ans: (c) Geography
8. What causes tsunamis?
(a) Strong winds
(b) Earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides
(c) Heavy rain
(d) Big waves
Ans: (b) Earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides
9. What did Tilly see in the sea?
(a) Big fish
(b) Rising water and bubbles
(c) Boats floating
(d) People swimming
Ans: (b) Rising water and bubbles
10. Which year’s tsunami video did Tilly remember?
(a) 1946
(b) 1956
(c) 1966
(d) 1976
Ans: (a) 1946
Unit III
1. Which animals sensed danger?
(a) Only dogs
(b) Only zoo animals
(c) Wild and pet animals
(d) Only birds
Ans: (c) Wild and pet animals
2. What did elephants do before the tsunami?
(a) Ran to higher area
(b) Stayed in one place
(c) Played in water
(d) Walked on the beach
Ans: (a) Ran to higher area
3. What did dogs do before the tsunami?
(a) Went outside
(b) Stayed inside and refused to go out
(c) Ran to the beach
(d) Slept peacefully
Ans: (b) Stayed inside and refused to go out
4. How many people died in the tsunami?
(a) 50,000
(b) 100,000
(c) More than 150,000
(d) 10,000
Ans: (c) More than 150,000
5. How many visitors were washed away from Patanangala beach?
(a) 50
(b) 60
(c) 70
(d) 100
Ans: (b) 60
6. Which animals were found safe on India’s Cuddalore coast?
(a) Tigers and lions
(b) Buffaloes, goats, and dogs
(c) Snakes and crocodiles
(d) Only birds
Ans: (b) Buffaloes, goats, and dogs
7. Where is Yala National Park located?
(a) India
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) Thailand
(d) Indonesia
Ans: (b) Sri Lanka
8. What did the dogs in Galle do before the tsunami?
(a) Ran to the beach
(b) Stayed back and didn’t go
(c) Played in outside
(d) Barked loudly
Ans: (b) Stayed back and didn’t go
Fill in the blanks
1. _____________________ jumped into the water to save John’s wife.
2. Ignesious wife was also _______________ away.
3. ___________ understand earth disasters before people.
4. Sanjeev was a __________ in Katchall Island.
5. Meghna floated in the sea for ______ days, holding onto a ______ door.
6. ______ times she saw relief ______ overhead, but they did not see her.
7. Almas Javed was a student of _______________ in _____________.
8. Almas Javed’s mother _______ home was in ________________.
9. Almas was in a hospital in ______ and later taken to ______.
10. _______________ means the earth shakes during an earthquake.
11. The Smith family from ______ celebrated ______ in Thailand.
12. In ______, many people ______, but buffaloes, goats, and dogs were ______.
Ans:
1. Sanjeev
2. Swept
3. Animals
4. Policeman
5. Two wooden
6. Eleven, helicopters
7. Carmel Convent, Port Blair
8. Rahila’s, Nancowry island
9. Kamorta, Port Blair
10. Tremor
11. South-East England, Christmas
12. Cuddalore, died, safe
True or false
1. Sanjeev was the manager of a cooperative society in Katchall.
Ans: False.
2. Almas’s grandmother and aunts stood clinging to the leaves of a coconut tree.
Ans: False.
3. In the hospital of Kamorta, Almas woke up after the tsunami.
Ans: True.
4. A tsunami is a sea wave caused by earthquakes under the sea.
Ans: True.
5. Yala National Park is located in Andaman Nicobar.
Ans: False.
6. Meghna saw the relief helicopter 13 times.
Ans: False.
7. The Smith family was from North-West England.
Ans: False.
8. Penny Smith’s initial reaction to the tsunami was confusion.
Ans: True.
9. Alma was saved because of the wood floating in the water.
Ans: True.
10. The giant waves slammed into the coast in Sri Lanka and Goa.
Ans: False.
Match the following
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) On 26 December 2004 | a. Shelter or protection from danger |
| (ii) In 1946 | b. Force |
| (iii) Refuge | c. Greatly shocked and distressed |
| (iv) Surge | d. Manager of a cooperative society in Katchall |
| (v) Traumatised | e. Located in Yala National Park, Sri Lanka |
| (vi) Patanangala beach | f. Tsunami hit India and Thailand |
| (vii) Lgnesious | g. Hawaiian islands |
Ans:
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) On 26 December 2004 | f. Tsunami hit India and Thailand |
| (ii) In 1946 | g. Hawaiian islands |
| (iii) Refuge | a. Shelter or protection from danger |
| (iv) Surge | b. Force |
| (v) Traumatised | c. Greatly shocked and distressed |
| (vi) Patanangala beach | e. Located in Yala National Park, Sri Lanka |
| (vii) Lgnesious | d. Manager of a cooperative society in Katchall |
Short-type questions & answers
Unit I
1. What is a tsunami?
Ans: A tsunami is a very large and strong wave in the water that is caused by an earthquake, volcano, or landslide below the surface. It moves very quickly and can flood coastal areas, damaging everything in its way.
2. When did the tsunami happen?
Ans: On December 26, 2004, the tsunami hit countries like India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand, causing great destruction.
3. How was Ignesious saved from the tsunami?
Ans: It was early in the morning when Ignesious felt the earthquake. He turned around quickly and ran outside with three of his kids. The big waves took away his wife and two other children, which was very sad.
4. Why did Sanjeev jump into the water?
Ans: Sanjeev, a police officer, hid his wife and child from the waves. He jumped into the water to save John’s wife when he heard her asking for help. Sadly, both were washed away.
5. Why was Meghna floating on a wooden door?
Ans: Meghna was swept away by the water when the wave hit. For two days she waited for help by holding on to a wooden door, but no one saw her.
6. How did Meghna reach the shore?
Ans: No one rescued Meghna after two days of floating. A large wave pushed her to shore, where she was found dazed.
7. What was the name of Almas’s mother? Where did she live?
Ans: Almas’s mom was named Rahila. She lived on the island of Nancowry. When the tsunami happened, Almas and her family were there to enjoy Christmas.
8. How did Almas’s mother and aunt fight the tsunami?
Ans: Almas’s mom and aunts hid by holding on to the tree’s leaves. But a giant wave uprooted the tree, and they were washed away by the water.
9. Where did Almas go after the tsunami?
Ans: Almas was taken to a hospital in Kamorta after a tsunami. After that, she was taken to Port Blair to get more care.
10. How was Almas saved?
Ans: Almas held on to a floating log when the wave hit. She passed out, and when she woke up in the hospital, she was safe but very shocked.
Unit II
1. Where did the Smith family live?
Ans: The Smith family lived in South-East England. To enjoy Christmas, they took a vacation to Thailand.
2. Why did the Smith family go to Thailand?
Ans: The Smith family spent their Christmas break at a beach resort in Thailand. They wanted to enjoy their time by the water.
3. Where did Tilly learn about tsunamis?
Ans: Tilly learned about tsunamis in school geography class. In class, her teacher showed a movie about a Hawaiian tsunami in 1946. This helped her recognize the signs of a tsunami when she was in Thailand.
4. Why did Tilly get an award?
Ans: Tilly won an award because she helped a lot of people. Because she remembered what she had learned in school, she told her family and other guests about the tsunami. Her quick thinking helped them all get to safety in the hotel and stay safe.
5. What were the names of Tilly’s parents?
Ans: Penny Smith and Colin Smith were Tilly’s parents. When she told them about the tsunami, they were with her in Thailand.
6. What caused the tsunami?
Ans: The tsunami happened because of a strong earthquake under the ocean. The earthquake caused huge waves that moved very fast across the sea. When these waves reached the land, they crashed onto the coast and destroyed many places.
unit III
1. Why did people think animals have a sixth sense?
Ans: People believed animals had a sixth sense because they ran to safety before the tsunami. Dogs and cats refused to go outside, birds flew away, and elephants moved to higher ground. Scientists think animals can sense danger through their sharp hearing and ability to detect vibrations in the ground.
2. How many people and animals died on India’s Cuddalore coast?
Ans: Thousands of people lost their lives, but only a small number of animals were found dead.
3. Where is Yala National Park located?
Ans: Yala National Park is located in Sri Lanka.
4. How many animals live in Yala National Park?
Ans: Yala National Park has many animals, including elephants, leopards, and about 130 species of birds.
5. How did animals behave before the tsunami?
Ans: Animals behaved strangely before the tsunami. Elephants ran to higher ground, dogs refused to go outside, birds left their nests, and zoo animals hid in their shelters. This made people believe that animals sensed the tsunami before humans did.
Long-type questions & answers
1. Why is geographic knowledge important?
Ans: Geography helps us understand the Earth, weather, and natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods. It gives us knowledge about how these disasters happen and how we can protect ourselves.
For example, Tilly Smith learned about tsunamis in her geography class. When she saw signs of a tsunami on the beach, like the water pulling back and bubbles forming, she quickly warned her family and other tourists to leave the area. Because of her knowledge, many lives were saved.
This shows how important geography is and how it helps us stay safe and prepared during natural disasters.
2. What do people believe about animals during natural disasters?
Ans: People believe that animals can identify danger before humans do. Before the tsunami, elephants ran to higher places, dogs refused to go outside, and birds flew away from low areas. These animals’ behavior showed that they sensed something bad was going to happen, like an earthquake or flood.
Scientists think that animals can sense things better than people. They have stronger hearing and can feel small changes in the ground before big events like earthquakes and tsunamis happen. This helps them know when they are in danger and move to a safer area. Animals often escape before disasters, but people need more time to figure out what is happening. This proves that animals have a natural instinct that helps them survive in dangerous situations.
C. Grammar questions and answers
Say whether the following sentences are in the active or the passive voice. Write A or P after each sentence as shown in the first sentence.
(i) The book was read by all the students.
(ii) The cat chased the mouse.
(iii) She sings beautifully.
(iv) The car was washed by John.
(v) The children ate the cake.
(vi) The dinner was served by the waiter.
(vii) She wrote a beautiful poem.
(viii) The letter was mailed by Sarah.
(ix) My grandmother told the story.
(x) The message was delivered by the postman.
Ans:
(i) The book was read by all the students. (P)
(ii) The cat chased the mouse. (A)
(iii) She sings beautifully. (A)
(iv) The car was washed by John. (P)
(v) The children ate the cake. (A)
(vi) The dinner was served by the waiter. (P)
(vii) She wrote a beautiful poem. (A)
(viii) The letter was mailed by Sarah. (P)
(ix) My grandmother told the story. (A)
(x) The message was delivered by the postman. (P)
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