CBSE 6 Social Science Chapter 7 Rural Livelihoods Questions and Answers

Rural Livelihoods Questions and Answers

Rural Livelihoods Notes

Exercise Questions and Answers

(1) You have probably noticed that people in Kalpattu are engaged in a variety of non-farm work. List five of these.
Ans:  Five non-farm work done by the people in Kalpattu are the following:
(1) Making baskets, utensils, pots, bricks bullock carts, etc.
(2) Teaching
(3) Washing clothes
(4) Weaving
(5) Repairing cycle.

(2) List the different types of people you read about in Kalpattu who depend on farming. Who is the poorest among them and why?
Ans: Three types of people were dependent on farming:
(1)  People who owned large areas of land.
(2)  People who own a smaller area of land.
(3)  People who have no land
People who have no land are the poorest among them because they earn money during the harvesting season and then have to look for other jobs that pay them very little.

Example: Thulasi is the poorest people of Kalpattu because he has no land.

(3) Imagine you are a member of a fishing family and you are discussing whether to take a loan from the bank for an engine. What would you say?
Ans: If I came from a fishing family, I would have gotten a bank loan to buy an engine that would increase my earnings. I go to the bank for a loan since it’s a safe bet and won’t charge me extra interest.

(4) Poor rural labourers like Thulasi often do not have access to good medical facilities, good schools, and other resources. You have read about inequality in the first unit of this text. The difference between her and Ramalingam is one of inequality. Do you think this is a fair situation? What do you think can be done? Discuss in class.
Ans:  No, this is not a fair situation. Opportunity should be equal for all.
Primary education should be made compulsory. Efforts should be made to promote education among the poor. It will help them know their rights and other awareness. Hence, it is the government’s responsibility to ensure that everyone has access to essential services and fair availability of loans.

(5)    What do you think the government can do to help farmers like Sekar when they get into debt? Discuss.
Ans: The government can help farmers like Sekar in many ways, for instance, By opening government farming colleges, providing insurance for cultivation, providing low-interest loans to them, and providing fertilizers and insecticides at subsidized rates, etc.

(6) Compare the situation of Sekar and Ramalingam by filling out the following table:

 SEKARRAMALINGAM
Land cultivated2 acres of land. 20 acres of land.
Labour requiredNo labour recruitment.Labour required.
Loans requiredLoans are required for seeds fertilizers, pesticides, etc. He takes a loan from the trader.Take loans from government banks to establish a rice mill.
Selling of harvestThe harvest done by Sekar would be sold to the lenders at a low price.Harvests done at Ramalingam`s land would be sold at a high cost to the traders.
Other work Don by themHe has a hybrid cow, whose milk he sells in the local milk cooperatives.He owns a rice mill and a shop selling seeds, pesti­cides, etc.

Rural Livelihoods Notes

Additional Questions and Answers.

Multiple choice Questions and Answers

(1)  Which is the main crop that is grown in irrigated lands?

(a)  sugar
(b)  Paddy
(c)  Coconut
(d)  Cotton

Ans: (b) Paddy

(2)  What is the major occupation of the ‘Kalpattu’ people?

(a)  Agriculture
(b)  Fishing
(c)  Both a and b
(d)  None of these

Ans: (a) Agriculture

(3)  Where is the Chizami village located?

(a)  Kalpattu
(b)  Nagaland
(c)  Pudupet
(d)  None of these

Ans: (b) Nagaland

(4)  What percent of large farmers are present in India?

(a)  20
(b)  80
(c)  60
(d) 40

Ans: (a) 20

(5)  What percent of small farmers are present in India?

(a)  60
(b)  40
(c)  80
(d)  20

Ans: (c) 80

(6)  How much land does Sekar have?

(a)  4 acres
(b)  2 acres
(c)  6 acres
(d)  No land

Ans: (b) 2 acers

(7)  which community cultivates trace?

(a)  Chakhesang community
(b)  Sangtam community
(c)  Both a and b
(d) None of these

Ans: (a) Chakhesang community

(8)  How much land does Ramalingam have?

(a)  40 acres
(b)  20 acres
(c)  60 acres
(d)  No land

Ans: (b) 20 acres

(9)  How did the villagers of ”Pudupet” earn their livelihood?

(a)  Fishing
(b)  Agriculture
(c)  Both a and b
(d)  None of these

Ans: (a) Fishing

(10)  How much did Ramalingam pay to his workers?

(a)  40 rupees
(b)  20 rupees
(c)  60 rupees
(d) 10 rupees

Ans: (a) 40 rupees

Rural Livelihoods Notes

(11) Which month do People prepare their land for growing paddy crops?

(a)  July
(b)  June
(c)  November
(d)  August

Ans: (b) June

(12)  What is the working time in Paddy fields in Kalpattu?

(a) 8.30 AM – 4.30 PM
(b) 10.00 AM – 5.00 PM
(c) 7.00 AM – 2.00 PM
(d) None of these

Ans: 8.30 AM – 4.30 PM

(13)  What is the basic occupation of 80% of Indians?

(a) Agriculture
(b) Business
(c) Trading
(d) Garments

Ans: (a) Agriculture

(14)  Which animal’s milk does Ramalingam sell in local milk cooperatives?

(a) Of hybrid – Cow
(b) Of hybrid – Goat
(c) Of hybrid – Camel
(d) Of hybrid – Buffalo

Ans: (a) Of hybrid – Cow

(15)  Where does Aruna and Paarivelan live?

(a) Pudupet
(b) Kalpattu
(c) Nagaland
(d) None of these

Ans: (a) Pudupet

Short Questions and Answers

(1) Where is Kalpattu village situated?
Ans:  Kalpattu is a village that’s close to the sea coast in Tamil Nadu.

(2) What work do the people of Kalpattu do?
Ans:  People in Kalpattu village do many kinds of work. As in other villages, here too there is non-farm work such as making baskets, utensils, pots, bricks, bullock carts, etc.

(3) Why do Fishermen go far into the sea?
Ans: Fishermen go far into the sea so that they can get a better catch.

(4) How do fishermen survive during the monsoon?
Ans: For at least about four months during the monsoon fishermen survive by borrowing from the trader.

(5) Why did Thulasi borrow money from Ramalingam?
Ans: Thulasi borrowed money from Ramalingam for her daughter’s treatment.

(6) What are the important sources of livelihood for the people in rural areas?
Ans: Apart from farming, many people in rural areas depend upon collection from the forest, animal husbandry, dairy produce, fishing, etc.

(7) How does Sekar pay back the loan to traders?
Ans: To pay back his loan he has to sell his paddy to the traders at somewhat lower price than what he would get in the market.

(8) How did Thulasi and her husband manage to pay back the loan to Ramalingam?
Ans: They had to sell their cow to pay back the money they borrowed from Ramalingam for their daughter’s treatment.

Rural Livelihoods Notes

(9) Why do fishermen not go to the sea, for at least about four months during the monsoon?
Ans: Every year, for at least about four months during the monsoon, they cannot go to the sea because this is when the fish breed.

(10) Why fishermen are forced to sell fish to the trader?
Ans:  During the monsoon, fishermen survive by borrowing from the trader because of this, later on, they are forced to sell the fish to that trader, and cannot do their auction.

(11) What causes distress among the farmers?
Ans: When crops ruin, farmers sometimes are unable to pay back their loans and, for the family to survive, they may even have to borrow more money. Soon the loan becomes so large that no matter what they earn, they are unable to repay. This is how they are caught in debt. This has become a major cause of distress among farmers.

(12) Apart from farming how else does Ramalingam earn?
Ans: Ramalingam owns a rice mill and a shop selling seeds, pesticides etc. He buys paddy from within the village and from surrounding villages. The rice that is produced in the mill is sold to traders in nearby towns. This gives them a substantial income.

(13) Why are farmers sometimes unable to repay loans?
Ans: Farmers take loans to buy seeds, pesticides, and fertilizers so that
the process of crop production can go on smoothly. However, farmers are unable to repay the loans due to the following reason:

  • Crop failure occurs due to the bad quality of seeds. Sometimes pests might attack the crops as well.
  • Lack of rain ruins the crops, preventing farmers from repaying loans.

(14) What does Ramalingam do with the paddy grown on his land?
Ans: Ramalingam has a rice mill. He buys paddy from surrounding villages. He also grows good-quality paddy on his land. He uses the rice mill to produce rice from paddy. Later he sells the rice produce to traders. It helps him earn sufficient income.

(15) What are the crops grown in Kalpattu?
Ans: Paddy is the main crop that is grown in irrigated lands. There are some coconut groves around. Cotton, sugar cane, and plantain are also grown, and there are mango orchards.

Rural Livelihoods Notes

Long Questions and Answers

(1) What is terrace farming? Explain with the help of an example.
Ans: Terrace farming is a crop cultivation method where the hill slopes are carved out in steps and made into plots. The plots are raised to retain water. This method serves as one of the best rice cultivation methods.

Example:- Terrace farming exists in the chizami village. The people work in groups and individual fields as well. The groups are about six to eight members who clean the weeds on the mountainsides.
The group spends time together and eats together till their work is done.

(2) Write a short note on the activities of the people of Kalpattu village.
Ans: Kalpattu is a village that’s close to the seacoast in Tamil Nadu. People here do many kinds of work. As in other villages, here too there is non-farm work such as making baskets, utensils, pots, bricks, bullock carts, etc. Some people provide services such as blacksmiths, nurses, teachers, washermen, weavers, barbers, cycle repair mechanics, and so on. There are also some shopkeepers and traders. In the main street, which looks like a bazaar, you have morning and snacks like vada, bonda, and Mysore Pak in the evening. Near the teashops in a corner lives a blacksmith family whose home serves as their workshop. Next to their home is a cycle hire and repair shop. Two families earn a living by washing clothes. Some people go to the nearby town to work as construction workers and lorry drivers.

(3) Write a short note on the people of Chizami.
Ans: This is a village called Chizami which is in Phek district in Nagaland. The people of this village belong to the Chakhesang community. They do ‘terrace’ cultivation. This means that the land on a hill slope is made into flat plots and carved out in steps. The sides of each plot are raised to retain water. This allows water to stand in the field, which is best for rice cultivation. The people of Chizami have their fields. But they also work collectively in each other’s fields. They form groups of six or eight and take an entire mountainside to clean the weeds on it. Each group eats together once their work for the day is over. This goes on for several days until the work is completed.

Rural Livelihoods Notes

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