CBSE 10 SST Resources and Development Questions and Answers

➜ Resources and Development Notes

Resources and Development Questions and Answers

1. Multiple choice questions.

(i) Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore?

(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Flow
(d) Non-renewable

Ans: (d) Non-renewable

(ii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?

(a) Intensive cultivation
(b) Deforestation
(c) Overirrigation
(d) Overgrazing

Ans: (c) Overirrigation

(iii) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practiced?

(a) Punjab
(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(c) Haryana
(d) Uttarakhand

Ans: (d) Uttarakhand

(iv) In which of the following states black soil is predominantly found?

(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand

Ans: (b) Maharashtra

➜ Resources and Development Notes

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.

Ans: the states having black soil are:

  • Maharashtra
  • Gujrat
  • Madhya Pradesh

The name of the crop which is mainly grown in black soil is cotton.

(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.

Ans: Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coastal plains.

The features of Alluvial soil:

  • This is the most widely spread and important soil. The entire northern plains of our country are made of alluvial soil.
  • Alluvial soils contain an adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid, and lime which are ideal for the growth of several crops like Sugarcane, Paddy, Wheat, and Pulses.
  • The alluvial soil consists of various proportions of sand, silt, and clay.

(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in hilly areas?

Ans: The main techniques that can be used are given below.

  • Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes. This is called contour ploughing.
  • Steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces. Terrace cultivation restricts erosion. Western and central Himalayas have well-developed terrace farming.
  • Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind. This method is known as strip cropping.

(iv) What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.

Ans:

  • Biotic Resources: These are obtained from the biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora, and fauna, fisheries, livestock, etc.
  • Abiotic Resources: All those things which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources. For example, rocks and metals.

➜ Resources and Development Notes

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

(i) Explain the land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61.

Ans: The use of land is determined both by physical factors, such as topography, climate, and soil types, as well as by human factors, such as population density, technological capability, culture, traditions, etc. The pattern of the net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80 percent of the total area in Punjab and Haryana and less than 10 percent in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, and Andaman Nicobar Islands. Forest area in the country is far lower than the desired 33 percent of the geographical area, as it was outlined in the National Forest Policy (1952). It was considered essential for the maintenance of the ecological balance. A part of the land is termed a wasteland, and it is put to other non-agricultural uses like settlements, roads, railways, industry, etc. It includes rocky, arid, and desert areas. Continuous use of land over a long period of time without taking appropriate measures to conserve and manage it has resulted in land degradation.

(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?

Ans: There are various reasons for this.

  • Technical and economic development has led to more consumption of resources. A higher level of technological development needs more and more resources for production activities. For example, water resources are being over-exploited to expand the irrigated area.
  • Human beings have fallen into the modern line of consumption. A new middle class that has emerged on account of economic development has increased the trend of consumption over the year.
  • Information technology has brought a boom in human choices, interests, hobbies, lifestyle, and status- symbols.

➜ Resources and Development Notes

PROJECT

1 . Make a project showing the consumption and conservation of resources in your locality.

2. Have a discussion in the class – how to conserve various resources used in your school.

3. Imagine if oil supplies get exhausted, how will this affect our lifestyle?

Activity

4. Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden answers.

SFGSFOBROMSUAPJ
QGAFFORESTATION
PNRECPRSLDMILNF
SNATQXUOVAIOLAL
ODEIDRJUJLDBNBD
TGHMINERALSAXMW
BVJKMEDCRUPFMHR
LATERITEMVAZTVL
ABZOENMFTISDLRC
CGNNSZIOPAXTYJH
KJGKDTDCSLSEGEW

(i) Natural endowments in the form of land, water, vegetation, and minerals. (Resource)

(ii) A type of non-renewable resource. (minerals)

(iii) Soil with high water retaining capacity. (black)

(iv) Intensively leached soils of the monsoon climate. (Laterite)

(v) Plantation of trees on a large scale to check soil erosion. (Afforestation)

(vi) The Great Plains of India are made up of these soils. (Alluvial)

➜ Resources and Development Notes

Additional questions and answers

Multiple question and answer

1. Resources are function of_______

  1. Human activities
  2. Environment
  3. Economic
  4. Institution

Ans: a) Human activities

2. Biotic and abiotic is an example of classification of __________

  1. On the basis of exhaustibility
  2. On the basis of ownership
  3. On the basis of the status of development
  4. On the basis of origin

Ans: d) On the basis of origin

3. solar, wind, energy, water, etc is a example of ________________ resources.

  1. Renewable Resources
  2. Non-Renewable Resources
  3. Both of them
  4. None of them

Ans: a) Renewable Resources

4. which resources take a long geological time?

  1. Renewable Resources
  2. Non-Renewable Resources
  3. Both of them
  4. None of them

Ans: b) Non-Renewable Resources

5. which states are the potential for the development of wind and solar energy?

  1. Rajasthan and Gujrat
  2. Gujrat and Chhattisgarh   
  3. Rajasthan and Panjab
  4. None of them

Ans: a) Rajasthan and Gujrat

6. which one is a water compound?

  1. hydrogen and oxide
  2. hydrogen and oxygen
  3. oxygen and carbon dioxide  

Ans: b) hydrogen and oxygen

7. which is a subset of the stock?

  1. Resources
  2. Development
  3. Conservation
  4. Reserves

Ans: d) Reserves

8. what was the name of the first earth summit in 1992?

  1. Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit
  2. Rio Janeiro Earth Summit
  3. Rio de Earth Summit
  4. Rion de Janeiro Earth Summit

Ans: a) Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit

9. when did Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit formed?

  1. In June 1990
  2. In June 1992
  3. In June 1991
  4. In June 1995

Ans: b) In June 1992

10. In which century did t   Rio convention achieve sustainable development?

  1. In the 21st century
  2. In the 18th century
  3. In the 20th century
  4. In the 19th century

Ans: a) In the 21st century

11. what is the Full form of UNCED?

  1. UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT
  2. UNION NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT
  3. UNIT NATION CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT ENT and DEVELOP
  4. UNIVERSE NATION CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT

Ans: a) UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT

➜ Resources and Development Notes

12. when did the first five-year plan launch?

  1. Before independence
  2. After independence
  3. During the independence
  4. None of them

Ans: b) After independence

13. what are the attractions for the foreign invaders?

  1. Import resources in colonies
  2. Export resources in colonies
  3. Rich resources in colonies

Ans: c) rich resources in colonies

14. when did the club of Rome advocate resource conservation systematic way?

  1. 1968
  2. 1986
  3. 1967
  4. 1965

Ans: a) 1968

15. how much land area was plain?

  1. 45%
  2. 54%
  3. 43%
  4. 55%

Ans: c) 43%

16. the soil is a _________

  1. Living system
  2. Non-living system
  3. Systematic system
  4. None of them

Ans: a) living system

17. Alluvial soil has been deposited by which river system?

  1. the Ganga
  2. the Brahmaputra
  3. the Indus
  4. all of them

Ans: d) all of them

18. which soil is also known as ‘Regur Soil’ or the ‘Black Cotton Soil’?

  1. Alluvial soil
  2. Black soil
  3. Red & yellow soil
  4. Arid soil

Ans: b) Black soil

➜ Resources and Development Notes

Short answer type question

1. What is the resource?
Ans: Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible, and culturally acceptable can be termed as a ‘Resource’. Resources are a function of human activities.

2. What are the classifications of resources?
Ans: resources can be classified in the following ways –

(a) On the basis of originbiotic and abiotic
(b) On the basis of exhaustibilityrenewable and non-renewable
(c) On the basis of ownershipindividual, community, national and international
(d) On the basis of the status of developmentpotential, developed stock, and reserves.

3. What are the uses of natural resources?
Ans: Natural resources are used to make food, fuel, and raw materials for the production of goods. All of the food that people eat comes from plants or animals.

4. What are the differences between biotic and abiotic resources?

Ans:

BioticAbiotic
These are obtained from the biosphere and have life such as animals and plants.All those things which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources.
Examples-Humans, flora, and fauna, fisheries, livestock, etc.  Example- rocks and metals.

5. What are renewable resources?
Ans: Renewable Resources: A renewable resource is one that can be used repeatedly and does not run out because it is naturally replaced. A renewable resource, essentially, has an endless supply such as solar energy, wind energy, and geothermal pressure.

6. What are non-renewable resources?
Ans: Non-Renewable Resources: A non-renewable resource is one that can be used once and is not replenished with the speed at which it is consumed. It is a finite resource. Fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal are examples of non-renewable resources.   

7. Classify the resources on the basis of the status of development? And name them.
Ans: the resources on the basis of the status of development is classified into four part.

  • Potential Resources
  • Developed Resources 
  • Stock
  • Reserves    

➜ Resources and Development Notes

8. What is stock?
Ans: Stock: Materials in the environment that have the potential to satisfy human needs but human beings do not have the appropriate technology to access are included in stock.

9. What is a reserve?
Ans: Reserves are the subset of the stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing technical ‘know-how’ but their use has not been started. These can be used for meeting future requirements.

10. What is the Development of Resources?
Ans: The development of resources is vital for human survival as well as for maintaining the quality of life. It was believed that resources are free gifts of nature. As a result, human beings used them indiscriminately.

11. What is sustainable development?
Ans: Sustainable economic development means ‘development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations.’

12. Why the conservation of resources is important?
Ans: conservation of Resources: Resources are vital for any developmental activity. But irrational consumption and over-utilization of resources may lead to socioeconomic and environmental problems. To overcome these problems, resource conservation at various levels is important.

13. Who did land resources support?
Ans: it supports

  • Natural vegetation
  • Wildlife
  • Human life
  • Economic activities
  • Transport
  • Communication systems
  • Land is an asset of a finite magnitude

14. What is the reason for the degradation of land?
Ans: Some human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining, and quarrying too have contributed significantly to land degradation.

15. what is soil?
Ans: Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. It is the medium of plant growth and supports different types of living organisms on the earth. The soil is a living system.

16. how did soil Format?
Ans: It takes millions of years to form soil up to a few cm in depth.
Relief, parent rock or bedrock, climate, vegetation, and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil.

17. how did Nature help to format soil?
Ans: Various forces of nature such as changes in temperature, actions of running water, wind, and glaciers, activities of decomposers, etc. contribute to the formation of soil. Chemical and organic changes which take place in the soil are equally important.
Soil also consists of organic (humus) and inorganic materials

18. which crop grows in alluvial soil?
Ans: Paddy, Rice, wheat, sugarcane, tobacco, cotton, jute, maize, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits and other cereal and pulse crops.

➜ Resources and Development Notes

19. where did alluvial soil found?
Ans: Alluvial soil has been deposited by the Indus, the Ganges, and the Brahmaputra rivers. The entire northern plains (including parts of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar (Almost entirely), Chandigarh, Delhi (Almost entirely), Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal) are made of alluvial soil. These soils also extend in Rajasthan and Gujarat through a narrow corridor and eastern coastal plain.

20. describe black soil.
Ans: These soils are black in colour and are also known as regur soils. Black soil is ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil. It is believed that climatic conditions along with the parent rock material are important factors in the formation of black soil.

21. how did black soil make up?
Ans: The black soils are made up of extremely fine i.e. clayey material. They are well-known for their capacity to hold moisture.

22. what is red and yellow soil?
Ans: Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau. Yellow and red soils are also found in parts of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, southern parts of the middle Ganga plain, and along the piedmont zone of the Western Ghats. These soils develop a reddish colour due to the diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.

23. what is laterite soil?
Ans: Laterite has been derived from the Latin word ‘later’ which means brick. The laterite soil develops under tropical and subtropical climates with alternate wet and dry seasons. This soil is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain.

24. what is arid soil?
Ans: Lower horizons of the soil are occupied by ‘kankar’ layers because of the increasing calcium content downwards. The ‘Kankar’ layer formation in the bottom horizons restricts the infiltration of water, and as such when irrigation is made available, the soil moisture is readily available for sustainable plant growth. These soils are poor and contain little humus and organic matter.

25. what is forest soil?
Ans: These soils are found in hilly and mountainous areas where sufficient rainforests are available. The soil’s texture varies according to the mountain environment where they are formed.

26. what is soil erosion?
Ans: In agriculture, soil erosion refers to the wearing away of a field’s topsoil by the natural physical forces of water and wind or through forces associated with farming activities such as tillage.

27. what is soil conservation?
Ans: Soil conservation is the prevention of loss of the top layer of the soil from erosion or the prevention of reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization, or other chemical soil contamination.

28. what is bad soil?
Ans: The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as gullies. The land becomes unfit for cultivation and is known as bad land.

29. what is sheet erosion?
Ans: In the Chambal basin such lands are called ravines. Sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. In such cases the top Fig. 1.11: Gully Erosion soil is washed away. This is known as sheet erosion.

➜ Resources and Development Notes

Long answer type questions

1. What are the classifications of resources? Describe any two of them.

Ans: resources can be classified in the following ways –

(a) On the basis of originbiotic and abiotic
(b) On the basis of exhaustibilityrenewable and non-renewable
(c) On the basis of ownershipindividual, community, national and international
(d) On the basis of the status of developmentpotential, developed stock, and reserves.

On the Basis of Origin

  • Biotic Resources: These are obtained from the biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora, and fauna, fisheries, livestock, etc.
  • Abiotic Resources: All those things which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources. For example, rocks and metals.

On the Basis of Exhaustibility

  • Renewable Resources: A renewable resource is one that can be used repeatedly and does not run out because it is naturally replaced. A renewable resource, essentially, has an endless supply such as solar energy, wind energy, and geothermal pressure.
  • Non-Renewable Resources: A non-renewable resource is one that can be used once and is not replenished with the speed at which it is consumed. It is a finite resource.
    Fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal are examples of non-renewable resources.          

2. What are the differences between natural resources and man-made resources?

Ans:

Natural resourcesMan-made resources
Natural resources are materials from the Earth that are used to support life and meet people’s needs.When humans use wood, metals, sand, cement, and solar energy to make houses, machinery, cars, bridges, roads, and so on are known to be human-made resources.
Examples – Air, sunlight, soil and water, natural gas, metals, stone, etc.Example- machinery, furniture, electricity, etc.
Natural resources are independent.Man-made resources are dependent on natural resources.

3. What are the differences between renewal and non-renewal resources?

Ans:

Renewal ResourcesNon-renewable resources
1. A renewable resource is one that can be used repeatedly and does not run out because it is naturally replaced.1. A non-renewable resource is one that can be used once and is not replenished with the speed at which it is consumed
2. A renewable resource has an endless supply of resources.2. Non-renewable resources have finite resources.
3. Examples – solar energy, wind energy, geothermal pressure, etc.3. Example- Fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal, etc.

4. classify the resources On the Basis of Ownership and describe any two?
Ans: the resources on the basis of ownership is classified into four resources.

  1. Individual Resources
  2. Community Owned Resources
  3. National Resources
  4. International Resources
  • National Resources: National Resources mean all the resources that belong to the nation. The country has legal powers to acquire even private property for the public good. You might have seen roads, canals, and railways being constructed on fields owned by some individuals. Urban Development Authorities get empowered by the government to acquire land. All the minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries, and oceanic area up to 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) from the coast are termed as territorial water and resources therein belong to the nation.
  • International Resources: There are international institutions that regulate some resources. The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to the open ocean and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions.

5. what are the problem faced by resource development?
Ans: The following major problems of Resource Development.

  • Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of a few individuals.
  • Accumulation of resources in a few hands, which, in turn, divided the society into two segments i.e., haves and have not or rich and poor.
  • Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution, and land degradation.

➜ Resources and Development Notes

6. Write a short note on ‘Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992’.
Ans: Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the ‘Earth Summit, was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 3-14 June 1992. The Summit brought together political leaders, diplomats, scientists, representatives of the media, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) from 179 countries.

The primary objective of the Rio ‘Earth Summit’ was on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity. The Rio Convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21st century.

Agenda 21
Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, and the Statement of principles for the Sustainable Management of Forests

7. why natural resources are important for man?
Ans: Importance of resources for man:

  • Resources are vital for human survival.
  • They are important for maintaining the quality of life as a man has been using the bio-physical environment to satisfy his needs.
  • Natural resources form the backbone of the economy of a nation.
  • These are the bases for the economic strength and prosperity of the people.
  • They provide material, energy, and favorable conditions for development.

8. what is resource planning? why it is important in India?
Ans: Resource Planning

Planning is important in a country like India, which has enormous diversity in the availability of resources.
There are regions that are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other resources.
There are some regions that can be considered self-sufficient in terms of the availability of resources and there are some regions that have an acute shortage of some resources.

Resource Planning in India

Resource planning is a complex process

  • identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping, and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
    • Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill, and institutional set-up for implementing resource development plans.
    • Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.

(India has made concerted efforts for achieving the goals of resource planning right from the First Five Year Plan launched after Independence.)

In India, development, and resource development do not only involve the availability of resources, but also the technology, quality of human resources, and the historical experiences of the people.

9. how do we use the land for multipurpose? explain.
Ans: Land resources are used for the following purposes:

  • Forests
  • Land not available for cultivation
    • Barren and wasteland
    • Land put to non-agricultural uses, e.g., buildings, roads, factories, etc.
  • Other uncultivated lands (excluding follow land)
    • Permanent pastures and grazing land
    • Land under miscellaneous tree crops groves (not included in the net sown area)
    • Culturable waste land (left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years).
  • Fallow lands
    • Current fallow- (left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year),
    • Other than the current fallow-(left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural years).
  • Net sown area

Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus the net sown area is known as gross cropped area.

10. What are the reasons for degradation in India?
Ans: Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of over-burdening. In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra overgrazing are one of the main reasons for land degradation. In the states of Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh, over-irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to an increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. Mineral processing like the grinding of limestone for the cement industry and calcite and soapstone for the ceramic industry generates huge quantities of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land. In recent years, industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.

11. How can we solve the land degradation problem?
Ans: There are many ways to solve the problems of land degradation. Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help to some extent. Planting of shelter belts of plants, control of grazing, and stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes are some of the methods to check land degradation in arid areas. Proper management of waste lands, control of mining activities, proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment can reduce land and water degradation in industrial and suburban areas.

12. What are the classifications of soil? Explain any three.

Ans:  India has varied relief features, landforms, climatic realms and vegetation types. It depends upon Classification of Soils India

  • Alluvial soils
  • Black soils
  • Red and Yellow soils
  • Laterite soils
  • Arid soils
  • Saline soils
  • Peaty soils
  • Forest soils.

Alluvial Soils
This is the most widely spread and important soil.

Location

  • These soils cover about 40 per cent of the total area of the country.
  • Alluvial soil has been deposited by the Indus, the Ganges, and the Brahmaputra rivers. The entire northern plains (including parts of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar (Almost entirely), Chandigarh, Delhi (Almost entirely), Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal) are made of alluvial soil. These soils also extend in Rajasthan and Gujarat through a narrow corridor and eastern coastal plain.

Types

  • On the basis of their age soil is classified into, two different types of alluvial soils have developed, viz. Khadar and Bhangar.
  • Khadar is the new alluvium and is deposited by floods annually, which enriches the soil by depositing fine silts.
  • Bhangar represents a system of older alluvium, deposited away from the flood plains.

Nature 

  • Due to its high fertility, regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely populated.
  • Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime.
  • The colour of the alluvial soils varies from the light grey to ash grey.
  • Soils in the drier areas are more alkaline and can be productive after proper treatment and irrigation.

Crops

  • Paddy, Rice, wheat, sugarcane, tobacco, cotton, jute, maize, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits and other cereal and pulse crops

Black soil

  • These soils are also known as the ‘Regur Soil’ or the ‘Black Cotton Soil’.
  • The black soils are made up of fine clayey material. They hold moisture.
  • These soils are sticky when wet and difficult to work on unless tilled immediately after the first shower or during the pre-monsoon period.

Location

  • They cover the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh, Chattishgarh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and some parts of Tamilnadu and extend in the south-east direction along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys.
  • In the upper reaches of the Godavari and the Krishna, and the north western part of the Deccan Plateau, the black soil is very deep.

Type

  • The black soils are made up of clayey soil, well-known for their capacity to hold moisture. Because of their high clay content, black soils develop wide cracks during the dry season

Nature

  • They are rich in soil nutrients, such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime.
  • But lack in phosphorous, nitrogen and organic matter.
  • They are poor in humus yet highly moisture-retentive, thus responding well to irrigation.
  • The colour of the soil ranges from deep black to grey.

Crops

  • Cotton, citrus fruits, wheat, jowar, millets, Linseed, castor, tobacco, sugarcane, safflower, and vegetable.

1. Match the following

i.Black SoilA.Western Rajasthan(iii)
ii.Alluvial SoilB.Himalayan Region(iv)
iii.Arid SoilC.Northern Plains (ii)
iv.Forest SoilD.Maharashtra (i)

2. Match the following

i.Red and Yellow SoilA.Rajasthan, Gujarat (iii)
ii.Laterite SoilB.Odisha, Chhattisgarh (i)
iii.Alluvial SoilC.Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh (iv)
iv.Black SoilD.Karnataka, Kerala (ii)

Map Pointing

1.         State an area in south India where alluvial soil found?

➜ Resources and Development Notes

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