Chapter 4 Industries Questions and Answers
Exercise questions & answers
Answer the following questions.
(i) What is meant by the term industry?
Ans: Industries are part of economic activities, where goods are made, services are provided, or resources are processed to satisfy people’s needs or wants.
Examples are the iron and steel industry (production of goods), the coal mining industry (extraction of coal), and the tourism industry (service provider).
(ii) What are the main factors influencing an industry’s location?
Ans: Industries are built-in places where they have to work smoothly.
a. Raw material: Factories need to be close to materials for use, like cotton for clothes or iron ore for steel.
b. Transport: They need easy ways to move goods, like roads, railways, or ships.
c. Power Supply: Industries need electricity, so they choose places with a good and reliable power supply.
d. Water: They needed lots of water to make products.
e. Government help: They find the locations where the government helps with benefits like land or money.
(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?
Ans: The iron & steel industries are known as the backbone of modern industry because it’s used in nearly all things like ships, trains, cars, buildings, tools, and machines essential for many industries. These are important for many other industries to work in, like construction, transport, and manufacturing, without iron and steel, most industries could not function.
Distinguish between the following.
(i) Agro-based and mineral-based industry.
Ans:
| Agro based industries | Mineral based industries |
| 1. These industries use raw materials from plants or animals. | 1. These industries use raw materials from minerals or metals. |
| 2. Examples are Wheat is used to make bread, Cotton is used to make clothes,, and milk is used to make cheese. | 2. Examples are bauxite is used to make aluminium., coal is used to produce energy, and Iron is used to make steel. |
(ii) The public sector and joint sector industries are mineral-based.
Ans:
| Public sector industries | Joint sector industries |
| 1. These industries are owned and managed by the government. | 1. These industries are owned and run by government and private companies both. |
| 2. Examples are the steel and iron industries. | 2. Examples are the oil and gas industries. |
Give two examples of the following in the space provided:
(i) Raw Materials _________ and ___________.
(ii) End products ______________ and _____________.
(iii) Tertiary Activities _______________ and ________________.
(iv) Agro-based Industries ______________ and ______________.
(v) Cottage Industries _________and________________.
(vi) Co-operatives __________ and _________________.
Ans:
(i) Cotton, iron
(ii) Clothing, steel
(iii) Banking, transportation
(iv) Sugar industry, dairy industry
(v) Pottery, handcraft
(vi) Dairy cooperative, Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative
Additional question & answer
Multiple choice questions & answer
1. Change raw materials into products of more value to people is called
(a) Population
(b) Manufacturing
(c) Resource
(d) Industry
Ans: (b) Manufacturing
2. Industries can be classified based on
(a) Raw materials
(b) Ownership
(c) Size
(d) All of these
Ans: (d) All of these
3. Examples of agro-based industries are
(a) Automobile
(b) Pottery
(c) Iron& steel
(d) Dairy products
Ans: (d) Dairy products
4. Marine-based industries based on
(a) Minerals
(b) Sea, ocean
(c) Iron & steel
(d) Plants
Ans: (b) Sea, ocean
5. Which is not an example of a large-scale industry?
(a) Automobile industry
(b) Textile miles
(c) Pottery
(d) Iron & steel industry
Ans: (c) Pottery
6. Cottage and household industries are –
(a) Small-scale industries
(b) Large-scale industries
(c) Mineral-based industries
(d) Agro-based industries
Ans: (a) Small-scale industries
7. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited is an example of –
(a) Co-operative sector
(b) Joint sector industries
(c) Private sector industries
(d) Mineral-based industries
Ans: (c) Private sector industry
8. Which industries are operated by producers or suppliers?
(a) Forest-based industry
(b) Private sector industry
(c) Co-operative industry
(d) Marine based industry
Ans: (c) Co-operative industry.
9. Maruti Udyog Limited is an example of –
(a) Co-operative sector
(b) Joint sector industries
(c) Private sector industries
(d) Mineral-based industries
Ans: (b) Joint sector industries
10. Which one is not an example of input?
(a) Raw material
(b) labour
(c) Transport
(d) Finished product
Ans: (d) Finished product
11. The factors affecting the location of industries are
(a) Transport
(b) Market
(c) Labour
(d) All of these
Ans: (d) All of these
12. An industrial system made up
(a) Inputs
(b) Processes
(c) Outputs
(d) All of these
Ans: (d) All of these
13. Major industrial regions are located near
(a) Deserts
(b) Seaports
(c) Mountain
(d) Glacier
Ans: (b) Seaports
14. Which one is known as the backbone of modern industry?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Gold
(c) Iron & steel
(d) Silver
Ans: (c) Iron & steel
15. The before name of Jamshedpur was –
(a) Sakchi
(b) Sakshi
(c) Sakci
(d) Saksi
Ans: (a) Sakchi
16. Which is the largest lake?
(a) Huran
(b) Superior
(c) Ontario
(d) Michigan
Ans: (b) Superior
17. Which industries are known as Sunrise Industries?
(a) Textile industry
(b) Emerging industry
(c) Iron & steel industry
(d) Technology industry
Ans: (b) Emerging industry
18. Pittsburgh is the state of
(a) America
(b) India
(c) Jammu & Kashmir
(d) Delhi
Ans: (a) America
19. What class of economic activities do manufacturing come under?
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
(c) Territory
(d) Primary as well as secondary
Ans: (b) Secondary
20. What is the output of the iron and steel industry?
(a) Steel
(b) Pig iron
(c) Iron ore
(d) All of these
Ans: (a) Steel
21. Which industries are the base of all other industries?
(a) Cotton textile industry
(b) Iron & steel industry
(c) IT industry
(d) Leather industry
Ans: (b) Iron & steel industry
22. Which of these states has some major steel-producing centres?
(a) Punjab
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Maharashtra
Ans: (b) Jharkhand
23 What class of industries does Maruti Udyog come under?
(a) Joint sector
(b) Private sector
(c) Public sector
(d) Cooperative sector
Ans: (a) Joint sector
24. From where does the iron ore come to Pittsburgh?
(a) Silicon Valley
(b) Florida
(c) Minnesota
(d) Washington
Ans: (c) Minnesota
25. What is the name of the place where TISCO began?
(a) Kharkai
(b) Calcutta
(c) Sakchi
(d) Rourkela
Ans: (c) Sakchi
Fill in the blanks
1. . Marine-based industries use products from the ________ and ______.
2. ________ change raw materials into products of more value to people.
3. Industries are ______ activities.
4. leather industries are examples of _________ industries.
5. Silk weaving and food processing industries are examples of ___________.
6. Steel Authority of India Limited is an example of __________ industry.
7. Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the ____________.
8. Anand Milk Union Limited is an example of _______ industry.
9. _____ It is the process in which metals are extracted from their ores by heating beyond the melting point.
10. The first cotton textile mill was established in ___________ in 1854.
11. The river that provides sufficient water to Osaka’s textile industry is ____________.
12. The four states where most steel-producing centres are located are _____, _____, _______ and _________.
13. The first cotton textile mill was established in Ahmedabad in ___________.
Ans:
1. Sea, ocean
2. Manufacturing
3. Economic activities
4. Agro-based industries
5. Small-scale industries
6. Joint sector industries
7. State
8. Co-operative sector
9. Smelting
10. Mumbai
11. Yodo
12. Westbengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chattisgarh
13. 1859
True or false
1. The leather industry is forest-based.
Ans: True.
2. Milk dairies like Sudha Dairy are joint sector industries.
Ans: False.
3. Raw materials are inputs into an industry’s manufacturing process.
Ans: True.
4. While smelting, heating is done beyond the melting point.
Ans: True.
5. The nearest station to the Sakchi steel plant was Bhilai.
Ans: False.
Match the following
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Silicon Valley | (a) Mumbai |
| (ii) Silicon Plateau | (b) California |
| (iii) First successful | (c) Sakchi |
| (iv) Initiation of TISCO | (d) Osaka |
| (v) Manchester of Japan | (e) Bengaluru |
Ans:
(I) (b)
(ii) (e)
(iii) (a)
(iv) (c)
(v) (d)
Short type question and answers
1. Define industry?
Ans: Industries are economic activities, where goods are made, services are provided, or resources are processed to satisfy people’s needs or wants.
Examples are the iron and steel industry and the coal mining industry.
2. How are industries classified?
Ans: Industries can be classified based on
a. Raw materials
b. Size
c. Ownership.
3. Cotton textile, and dairy products are examples of which type of industry?
Ans: Cotton textile and dairy products are examples of agro-based industry.
4. Define inputs.
Ans: The inputs are the raw materials, labour and costs of land, transport, power and other infrastructure.
5. What factors affect the location of the industry?
Ans: The factors affecting the location of industries are the availability of raw material, land, water, labour, power, capital, transport and market.
6. Define output.
Ans: The outputs are the end product and the income earned from products.
7. What is smelting?
Ans: Smelting is the process in which metals are extracted from their ores by heating beyond the melting point.
8. Give examples of three major industries.
Ans: Three major industries are –
a. Iron & steel industry
b. Textile industry
c. Technology Industry
9. What is the small-scale industry?
Ans: Cottage or household industries are a type of small-scale industry, where the products are manufactured by hand like pottery, these industries use a little money and technology.
Examples are scale industries and silk-waving industries.
10. Define private sector industries.
Ans: Private sector industries are owned and run by individuals, groups, or private companies, focusing on making profits and meeting customer needs.
11. Give examples of cooperative industry.
Ans: Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy are examples of cooperative industries.
12. Define joint sector industries.
Ans: Joint sector industries owned and managed by the state and individuals or a group.
Examples are Maruti Udyog Limited an example of a joint sector industry.
13. Define forest-based industries.
Ans: These industries use the forest as a raw material, examples are paper production, pharmaceuticals, furniture-making, and construction.
14. What is large scale industries?
Ans: Large-scale industries are big industries that make many products in big workshops, using advanced machinery and large amounts of money.
Examples are steel plants, automobile factories, and textile mills.
15. Give two examples of agro-based and mineral-based industries.
Ans: Examples of agro-based industries are – Cotton textile, and leather industries.
Examples of mineral-based industries are – the iron & steel industry and the aluminium industry.
16. What are marine-based industries?
Ans: Marine-based industries use materials from the sea or ocean like fish, seafood, and fish oil to make products.
Examples are seafood processing and fish oil production.
17. Where does Pittsburgh get its coal and iron ore?
Ans: Pittsburgh gets coal from nearby areas like Pennsylvania and West Virginia and iron ore from Minnesota’s Lake Superior region.
18. Which industries are known as sunrise industries and why?
Ans: Emerging industries are also known as Sunrise Industries, because these include Information technology, Wellness, Hospitality and Knowledge.
19. Give some examples of steel-producing centers’ names.
Ans: Important steel-producing centres like Bhilai, Durgapur, Burnpur, Jamshedpur, Rourkela, and Bokaro.
20. What are the names of the Great Lakes, and which is the largest?
Ans: The names of the Great Lakes are Superior, Huron, Ontario, Michigan and Erie. Lake Superior is the largest of these five lakes. It lies higher upstream than others.
21. Give a reason for the fact that the cotton textile industry in India could not compete with that in the West initially.
Ans. The production of hand-woven cotton textiles in India was expensive and time-consuming, so it could not compete with Western standards.
22. What industries have started replacing the textile industry in Osaka?
Ans. Iron and steel, machinery, shipbuilding, automobiles, electrical equipment and the cement industry have begun to replace the textile industry in Osaka.
23. Why is Bengaluru called Silicon Plateau?
Ans. Bengaluru is called Silicon Plateau because of the IT industry there, and the word plateau refers to the Deccan Plateau where it is located.
Long-type questions and answers
1. Define industrial system.
Ans: An industrial system has three parts: inputs (raw materials), processes (activities), and outputs ( finished product
The inputs are the raw materials, labour and costs of land, transport, power and other infrastructure. The processes include various activities that convert the raw material into finished products. The
outputs are the end product and the income earned from it.
For example, the textile industry’s inputs may be cotton, human labour, factory and transport costs. The
processes include ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing and printing. The output is the shirt you wear.
2. Short note on Jamshedpur.
Ans: Before 1947, there was only one iron and steel plant in the country – Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO)- privately owned. After Independence, the government took the initiative and set up several iron and steel plants.
TISCO was started in 1907 at Sakchi, near the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai in Jharkhand, later on, Sakchi was renamed Jamshedpur.
Jamshedpur is the best-located iron and steel centre in the country, Sakchi was chosen to set up the steel plant for several reasons. This place was only 32 km away from Kalimati station on the Bengal-Nagpur railway line, which was close to the iron ore, coal and manganese deposits in Odisha and Chhattisgarh. The Jharia coalfields supply coal, and the Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers provide water. Government support helped its growth.
TISCO (Tata Iron and Steel Company) was the first major plant, and other factories followed, making chemicals, locomotive parts, machinery, tinplate, cables, and wires, these industries became the base of India’s industrial growth because many industries depend on it for important materials. It includes both big steel plants and smaller ones.
3. Short note on Pittsburg.
Ans: It is an important steel city in the United States of America, the steel industry in Pittsburgh has many benefits. Local coal is easily available, and iron ore is brought from Minnesota, about 1500 km away, the Great Lakes waterway makes transporting iron ore cheap and easy, and trains deliver it to Pittsburgh. The Ohio, Monongahela, and Allegheny rivers supply plenty of water.
Now most steel mills are not directly in Pittsburgh but in nearby river valleys along the Monongahela, Allegheny, and Ohio rivers. Finished steel is transported to markets using both land and water routes.
The Pittsburgh areas factorised are made products like railroad equipment, heavy machinery, and rails.
4. Give examples of Indian regions and the world.
Ans: Major industrial regions of the world are Eastern North America, Western and Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Eastern Asia, these are located in temperate areas, near seaports and coal fields because the developed factors like access to raw materials, good transportation, skilled workers, and government support.
India has several industrial regions like the Mumbai Pune cluster, Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region, Hugli region, Ahmedabad-Baroda region, Chottanagpur industrial belt, Vishakhapatnam-Guntur belt, Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region and the Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram industrial cluster.
5. Why is steel the backbone of modern technology?
Ans: Steel is the backbone of modern technology because it is used in almost everything, its strong, long-lasting, and flexible in uses, making it important for building things like tall buildings, bridges, roads, and railways and other purposes like vehicles, ships, trains, and aeroplanes. In the energy sector, it is used in power plants, pipelines, and wind turbines. We use steel in everyday things like equipment and machines, it’s very important and needed for our modern life and progress.
6. Describe briefly the classification of industries based on raw materials used.
Ans. Based on raw material used, industries are classified into agro, mineral, marine and forest-based. The raw materials of agro-based industries consist of plant and animal-based products. Some examples are food processing, the cotton textile industry and the leather industry. The raw material used in mineral-based industries consists of mineral ores. An example: is the iron and steel industry. Marine-based industries use products obtained from the sea and oceans as raw materials. The seafood industry is one such industry. A forest-based industry uses forest produce as raw material. Examples are the paper industry and furniture.
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