CBSE 8 Geography Ch 3 Agriculture Questions and Answers

Chapter 3 Agriculture Questions and Answers

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Exercise Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following questions.

(i) What is agriculture?
Ans: Agriculture is a primary activity, which means growing crops, like fruits, vegetables, flowers etc. and raising animals for food, fibre, medicine, and other products, like cotton for clothes.

(ii) Name the factors influencing agriculture.
Ans: Name the factors influencing agriculture are –
a. Water availability
b. Topography
c. Soil
d. labour
e. Technology
f. Climate

(iii) What is shifting cultivation? What are its disadvantages?
Ans: Shifting cultivation is a farming method where people clear a land, by cutting down trees and burning the vegetation, to grow crops for a few years, when the soil loses its nutrients, they move to a new area and repeat the process, this method is called slash – and burn agriculture.

Disadvantages of shifting cultivation are – 
a. Cuts down too many trees.
b. Reduces soil fertility over time.
c. Rain can wash away the soil.
d. Not suitable for supporting large populations.
e. Hurts the environment. 

(iv) What is plantation agriculture?
Ans: Plantations are commercial farming where only one crop, like tea, coffee, sugarcane, rubber, or bananas, is grown and needs lots of workers and money. The crops are processed on farms or nearby factories, so good transport is important, these are common in tropical regions.

(v) Name the fibre crops and the climatic conditions required for their growth.
Ans: The fibre crops are Cotton and Jute.
a. cotton – Cotton grows in high temperatures, light rainfall, bright sunshine, and black and alluvial soils.
b. Jute – Jute grows in alluvial soil, high temperatures, heavy rainfall, humid climates, and tropical areas.

2. Tick the correct answer.

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(i) Horticulture means
(a) growing of fruits and vegetables
(b) primitive farming
(c) growing of wheat

Ans: (a) growing of fruits and vegetables 

(ii) Golden fibre refers to
(a) tea
(b) cotton
(c) jute

Ans: (c) Jute 

(iii) Leading producers of coffee is
(a) Brazil
(b) India 
(c) Russia

Ans: (a) Bazil

3. Give reasons.

(i) In India agriculture is a primary activity.
Ans: In India, agriculture is a primary activity because most people depend on farming, it provides food, jobs, and raw materials for people and industries. 

(ii) Why different crops are grown in different regions?
Ans: Different crops are grown in different areas because they need soil, weather, and water to grow properly.

4. Distinguish between the following.

(i) Primary activities and tertiary activities.
Ans: 
a. Primary Activities: Natural resources, like growing crops, catching fish, and digging for minerals.
b. Tertiary Activities: Other services, like teaching, driving buses, or working in shops.

(ii) Subsistence farming and intensive farming.
Ans: 
a. Subsistence Farming: Farmers grow small quantities of food for their families, and using simple tools and small land. 
b. Intensive Farming: Farmers grow a lot of food on small land and use advanced methods to sell and income.

Additional question & answer 

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Multiple choice questions and answers 

1. Which of these is a tertiary activity?
(a) Fishing
(b) Manufacturing wood
(c) Selling grocery
(d) Agriculture

Ans: (c) Selling grocery

2. What type of farming is growing food for the farmer’s family?
(a) Commercial farming
(b) Subsistence farming 
(c) Intensive farming
(d) Extensive farming

Ans: (b) Subsistence farming

3. What is growing and keeping fish called?
(a) Sericulture
(b) Viticulture
(c) Agriculture
(d) Pisciculture

Ans: (d) Pisciculture

4. What is the main purpose of agriculture?
(a) Producing raw materials
(b) Growing crops and raising animals 
(c) Developing industries
(d) Building cities

Ans: (b) Growing crops and raising animals

5. Which form of farming is called slash-and-burning agriculture?
(a) Subsistence farming
(b) Shifting cultivation
(c) Mixed farming
(d) Plantation

Ans: (b) Shifting cultivation

6. Which crop is the main food in hot and warm regions?
(a) Rice
(b) Wheat
(c) Millets
(d) Maize

Ans: (a) Rice

7. Which of these is not a plantation product?
(a) Rubber
(b) Coffee
(c) Tea
(d) Rice

Ans: (d) Rice

8. What is needed to grow wheat?
(a) Hot weather and high moisture
(b) Mild weather and some rain 
(c) Lots of rain and low moisture
(d) Cold weather and dry conditions

Ans: (b) Mild weather and some rain

9. What is needed to grow maize?
(a) Cold weather and little rain
(b) Hot weather and some rain 
(c) Cold weather and lots of rain
(d) Hot weather and lots of rain

Ans: (b) Hot weather and some rain

10. What type of farming is used to grow coffee and tea?
(a) Plantation farming 
(b) Mixed farming
(c) Grain farming
(d) Horticulture

Ans: (a) Plantation

11. Which farming uses large land areas and machines?
(a) Subsistence farming
(b) Intensive farming
(c) Commercial farming 
(d) Organic farming

Ans: (c) Commercial farming

12. What is not part of mixed farming?
(a) Growing food and feed for animals
(b) Raising livestock
(c) Only growing one type of crop 
(d) Combining farming and animal care

Ans: (a) Only growing one type of crop

13. Which crop is the main food in hot and humid areas?
(a) Wheat
(b) Barley
(c) Rice 
(d) Maize

Ans: (c) Rice

14. What is Sericulture? 
(a) Rearing of fish
(b) Growing grapes
(c) Raising silkworms
(d) Growing of fruits and vegetables

Ans: (c) Raising silkworms

15. What is the main feature of Horticulture?
(a) Growing grains in large amounts
(b) Raising animals
(c) Growing fruits, vegetables, and flowers 
(d) Producing silk for sale

Ans: (c) Growing fruits, vegetables, and flowers

Fill in the blanks

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1.______________________is a commercial rearing of silkworms. 
2. Agri meaning ___________________ and culture meaning ___________________. 
3. ______________ and ____________ are two fundamental types of farming.
4. Shifting cultivation is known as ______________ and ______________ agriculture. 
5. Commercial farming crops are grown for ______________. 
6. _______________ grows in high temperatures and light rainfall.
7. In ____________________ land is used for growing food and folder crops and rearing livestock. 
8. Nomadic herding is done in _______________ areas.
9. ___________________ Farming is focused on the needs of the farmer’s family.
10. ___________ and _____________ are fibre crops. 
11. _________________ is the cultivation of grapes.
12. Tea is a major ______________ crop in India. 
13. _________________ is a Cultivation of plants like vegetables, flowers, and fruits for commercial use.
14. Agriculture is a _________________ activity,

Ans: 
1. Sericulture
2. Soil, cultivation.
3. Substance farming, commercial farming
4. Slash, burn
5. Sell
6. Cotton
7. Mixed farming
8. Dry areas
9. Substance farming
10. Cotton, jute
11. Viticulture
12. Plantation
13. Horticulture
14. Primary

True or false

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1. Favourable topography of soil and climate is vital for agriculture.
Ans: True.

2. In the USA, the farmer usually resides on the farm.
Ans: True.

3. Major plantations are found in the tundra region.
Ans: False.

4. Piselculture is the cultivation of plants like vegetables, and flowers.
Ans: False.

5. House labour is involved in subsistence farming.
Ans: True.

6. Cotton is known as the Golden Fibre,
Ans: False.

7. A transport network is significant for the plantation of agriculture.
Ans: True.

Match the following

Column IColumn II
(i) Rice(a) Moderate temperature and rainfall during the growing season low rainfall, high to moderate temperature
(ii)Wheat(b) low rainfall, high to moderate temperature
(iii)Millet(d) High temperature, high humidity and rainfall
(iv) Maize(d) Moderate temperature, rainfall, bright sunshine
(v)Cotton(e) Cool climate, well-distributed high rainfall throughout the year
(vi) Coffee(f) 210 frost-free days
(vii) Tea(g) Wet climate and well-drained loamy soil

Ans: 
(I) (c)
(ii) (a)
(iii) (b)
(iv) (d)
(v) (f)
(vi) (g)
(vii) (e)

Short questions and answer

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1. What is the main role of the three basic parts of economic activity? 
Ans: The main role of the three parts of economic activity is:
a. Production: Making goods and services.
b. Distribution: Sharing goods and services.
c. Consumption: Using goods and services.

2. How is subsistence farming classified?
Ans: Subsistence farming is classified into two parts – 
a. Intensive subsistence
b. Primitive subsistence

3. What is arable land?
Ans: Good soil, suitable land, and an ideal climate are essential for farming, this land is used for growing crops, and that land is called arable land.

4. Define mixed farming.
Ans: The land is used for growing crops for food and fodder and keeping livestock, that is called mixed farming. It is practised in regions like Europe, eastern USA, Argentina, southeast Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

5. Give three examples of fibre crops and two are beverage crops.
Ans: Three examples of fibre crops are – millet, jute, and cotton.
Two examples of beverage crops are – tea and coffee.

6. In which areas nomadic herding practised?
Ans: Nomadic herding is done in dry areas like the Sahara, Central Asia, and parts of India, like Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir.

7. What are the main features of plantation agriculture?
Ans: In plantation agriculture, only a crop is grown, like tea.

8. Which two countries lead in the production of jute?
Ans: India and Bangladesh are the leading in the production of jute.

9. What weather conditions are needed for growing and harvesting wheat?
Ans: Wheat growing in moderate temperatures, rainfall, bright sunshine and harvesting season.

10. What is commercial farming?
Ans: Commercial farming is a method where crops and livestock are produced in large quantities to sell, the crop is grown only once each year and uses modern equipment, technology, and methods. 
Examples are wheat, rice, and cotton or raising animals.

11. Define substance farming.
Ans: Substance farming is focused on the needs of the farmer’s family and uses simple tools and family labour to produce a small number of crops or goods.

12. what is sericulture?
Ans: Sericulture is the process of raising silkworms to produce silk, which is a supplementary income for farmers.

13. Which type of temperature is best for growing rice?
Ans: Rice grows best in alluvial clayey soil, warm and humid regions and rainfall areas.

14. What is the meaning of agricultural development?
Ans: Agricultural development means improving farming to produce more food and fulfil the needs of a growing population.

15. How Indian farms are different from farms in the USA:

Ans:

Indian farmUSA farm
1. Indian farms are small and divided into small plots.1. USA farms are large and cover vast areas.
2. They used traditional tools and techniques.2. They used traditional tools and techniques.

Long type questions & answer

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1. Explain shifting cultivation.

Ans: Shifting cultivation: Shifting cultivation is a farming method where land is cleared, forests like the Amazon, tropical Africa, parts of Southeast Asia, and Northeast India, get heavy rainfall and vegetation regrows quickly, so the farmers clear land by cutting and burning trees, and mix the ash with soil, and grow crops like maize, yam, potatoes, and cassava.
When the soil becomes fertile, the land is left unused, so the farmer moves to a new area. This farming method is also called slash-and-burn agriculture.

Shifting cultivation is known by different names in different parts of the world. Jhumming – North-East India, Milpa -Mexico, Central America, Roca – Brazil, Ladang – Malaysia.

2. Write a short note on the types of economic activities. Give examples.

Ans. The three types of economic activities are- 
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary

a. Primary Activities. Activities that involve direct extraction and production of natural resources are called primary activities. 
Examples are agriculture, fishing, and mining. 

b. Secondary Activities. Activities related to using natural resources to make products are called secondary activities. 
Examples are the manufacturing of finished products. 

c. Tertiary Activities. Activities that fall in the primary and secondary categories are called tertiary activities, they support primary and secondary activities.
Examples are selling goods, advertising and banking.

3. Write a short note on agriculture development.

Ans: Agricultural development means improving farming to produce more food and fulfil the needs of a growing population. This can be done in many ways like increasing the cropped area, the number of crops grown, improving irrigation facilities, use of fertilisers and high yielding variety of seeds, the main aim of agricultural development is to increase food security.. In developing countries with large populations, farming is often intensive, crops are grown on small farms mainly for the farmers’ use, and bigger farms are better for commercial farming.

4. Explain two major fibre crops.

Ans: Two major fibre crops are – 
a. Rice
b. Cotton

a. Rice: Rice is the major food crop, It grows best in alluvial clayey soil, warm and humid regions and rainfall areas.
China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Vietnam are examples of rice-growing countries. It is a key source of food for millions of people worldwide.

b. Cotton: Cotton grows in high temperatures, light rainfall, and bright sunshine, it grows best in black and alluvial soils. China, USA, India, Pakistan, Brazil and Egypt are the leading producers of cotton. It is one of the main raw materials for the cotton textile industry.

5. Define nomadic hardic.

Ans: Nomadic herding: Nomadic herding is done in dry areas like the Sahara, Central Asia, and parts of India, such as Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir, where people move from one place to another with their animals in search of food, water, and grazing land. This movement depends on the climate and land conditions, the herders raise animals like sheep, camels, yaks, and goats providing milk, meat, wool, and other products for the herders and their families.

6. Explain two major beverage crops.

Ans: Two beverage crops are – 
a. Tea
b. Coffee

a. Tea: Tea is a plantation crop used to make beverages, it grows best in cool climates with regular, high rainfall all year round for its soft leaves, well-drained loamy soil and gentle slopes. Many workers are needed to pick the leaves. Top producers include Kenya, India, China, and Sri Lanka.

b. Coffee: Coffee is grown in warm, wet climates and well-drained loamy soil, hill slopes are best for the growth
of this crop. Brazil is the leading producer followed by Columbia and India.

7. Difference between subsistence farming and commercial farming?

Ans:

Subsistence farmingCommercial farming 
a. Subsistence farming is focused on the needs of the farmer’s family.a. Commercial farming is a method where crops and livestock are produced in large quantities to sell.
b. It uses simple tools and family labour to grow crops. b. It uses modern equipment, technology, and methods to grow crops. 
c. Grows for daily needs.c. Grows for markets and exports.
d. This type of farm is small.d. This type of farm is big.

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