Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources QnA
Exercise Questions and Answers
Answer the following question
(i) Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?
Ans: The two main climate factors responsible for soil formation are temperature and rainfall.
a. Temperature: It impacts how quickly rocks break down and how organic matter in the soil decomposes.
b. Rainfall: It shows how soil formation affects erosion, nutrient leaching, and water content in the soil.
(ii) Write any two reasons for land degradation today.
Ans: Two reasons for land degradation are climate and cutting down trees.
a. Climate – Weather change is a big reason for land degradation. Rainfall and floods cause spread and soil to wash away.
b. Cutting down trees – Cutting trees for landing, parking, and other purposes causes soil erosion and loss of natural nutrients.
(iii) Why is land considered an important resource?
Ans: Land is a very important natural resource. it’s used for many purposes like houses, parks, playgrounds, offices, farming etc.
(iv) Name any two steps that the government has taken to conserve plants and animals.
Ans: Two steps that the government has taken to conserve plants and animals are:
a. Establishing: Creating national parks and wildlife reserves to protect animals and plants.
b. Wildlife: Create safe areas where animals and plants stay safely without disturbance. Give education on how to protect plants and animals.
(v) Suggest three ways to conserve water.
Ans:
a. Turn off taps – Always close taps after using them.
b. Save rainwater – These are used for gardening, washing, and cleaning.
c. Fix leaks – Repair taps or pipes when the water leaks to stop wasting water.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) Which one of the following is NOT a factor of soil formation?
(a) time
(b) soil texture
(c) organic matter
Ans: (b) Soil texture.
(ii) Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to check
soil erosion on steep slopes?
(a) shelter belts
(b) mulching
(c) terrace cultivation
Ans: (c) Terrace cultivation
(iii) Which one of the following is NOT in favour of the conservation
of nature?
(a) switch off the bulb when not in use
(b) close the tap immediately after using
(c) dispose of poly packs after shopping
Ans: (c) Dispose of polypacks after shopping.
Match the following:
| (i) Land use | (a) Prevent soil erosion |
| (ii) Humus | (b) Narrow zone of contact between the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere |
| (iii) Rock dams | (c) productive use of land |
| (iv) Biosphere | (d) organic matter deposited on topsoil |
| (d) Contour ploughing |
Ans :
| (i) | c |
| (ii) | d |
| (iii) | a |
| (iv) | b |
State whether the given statement is true or false. If true, write the reasons.
(i) Ganga–Brahmaputra plain of India is an overpopulated region.
Ans: True.
Statement: The Ganga–Brahmaputra plain is the most densely populated region.
(ii) Water availability per person in India is declining.
Ans: True.
Statement: Water availability per person in India is declining due to population growth.
(iii) Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement are called intercropping.
Ans: False.
Statement: Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement are called windbreaks.
(iv) Human interference and changes of climate can maintain the ecosystem.
Ans: False.
Statement: Human interference and climate change disturb the ecosystem.
Additional question & answer
Multiple choice questions & answer
(i) Which resources cover about three-fourths of the earth’s surface?
(a) Land
(b) Soil
(c) Air
(d) Water
Ans: (d) Water.
(ii) The uneven distribution of population is due to –
(a) Land and Climate
(b) Climate
(c) Vegetation
(d) Settlements
Ans: (a) Land and climate.
(iii) An example of a common property resource is –
(a) community land
(b) individual building
(c) The Parliament House
(d) None of these
Ans: (a) Community land
(iv) What low-lying areas are risky?(a) Earthquakes
(b) Landslides
(c) Flooding
(d) Tsunamis
Ans: (c) Flooding
(v) The lower layer of the soil is –
(a) Weathered rock
(b) Parent rock
(c) Subsoil
(d) None of these
Ans: (b) Parent rock
(vi) Which of these physical features are best suited for living?(a) Plains and river valleys
(b) Mountains
(c) Deserts
(d) Lakes and rivers
Ans: (a) Plains and river valleys
(vii) Which of the following is not used for soil conservation?
(a) Mulching
(b) Shelter belts
(c) Contour ploughing
(d) Climate
Ans: (d) Climate
(viii) What is the majority of land in India used for?(a) Cultivation
(b) Pasture
(c) Forests
(d) None of these
Ans: (a) Cultivation
(ix) Which is not an example of groundwater?
(a) Water flowing in rivers
(b) Water through wells
(c) Water through hand pumps
(d) Water through a submersible pump
Ans: (a) Water flowing in the river
(x) What are the reasons for the destruction of forests and farmland?
(a) Growing demand of population
(b) Growing population
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Ans: (c) Both (a) and (b)
(xi) Which of these countries is covered with forest land?(a) India
(b) Brazil
(c) USA
(d) both b and c
Ans: (c) USA
(xii) Due to what feature is ocean water unfit for human consumption?(a) Poisonous
(b) Salinity
(c) Water temperature
(d) None of these
Ans: (b) Salinity
Fill in the blanks
(i) The process responsible for soil formation is called ______.
(ii) ____ areas landslides have been a major and widely spread natural disaster.
(iii) Soil becomes fertile due to the right mix of ____ and _________.
(iv) .97% of total water is in the form of _____ and ______.
(v) The colour, texture, etc. of soil is determined by ______.
(vi) Climate factors influencing the rate of weathering include _____ and ____.
(viii) Methods of soil formation are _________.
(ix) 70% of freshwater exists as ________.
(x) Factors of soil formation are _______.
Ans:
(i) Weathering
(ii) Hilly
(iii) Minerals and organic matter
(iv) Ocean and sea
(v) Parent rock
(vi) Rainfall and temperature
(vii) Mulching
(ix) Ice
(x) Time
True or false
(i) Major factors of soil formation are nature, climate and parent rock.
Ans: True.
(ii) Land has similar features all over the earth’s surface.
Ans: False.
(iii) Landslides are defined as the mass movement of rock.
Ans: True.
(iv) Hilly areas are best for living and agriculture.
Ans: False.
(v) Plains and valleys are densely populated because of soil fertility.
Ans: True.
(vi) Natural resources are essential for the economic development of a country.
Ans: True.
(vii) Population and technology are important factors in land patterns.
Ans: True.
(viii) Silkworms are obtained from mulberry trees.
Ans: True.
(ix) Forest and other vegetation promote surface run-off.
Ans: False.
(x) Water is a non-renewable natural resource.
Ans: False.
(xi) The earth is called a water planet.
Ans: True.
Match the followings
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) Terrace farming | (a) Protection from soil wash |
| (ii) Intercrooping | (b) Agriculture, building purpose |
| (iii) Contour ploughing | (c) Retaining soil moisture |
| (iv) Mulching | (d) Reducing surface runoff |
| (v) Shelter belts | (e) Prevention of water to flow down the slope |
| (vi)The breaking up and decay of exposed rocks. | (g) Parks, Offices |
| (vii) Community land | (h) Watering |
| (ix) Land use | (h) Checking wind movement |
Ans:
(i) (d)
(ii) (a)
(iii) (e)
(iv) (c)
(v) (h)
(vi) (h)
(vii) (g)
(ix) (b)
Short type question and answer
1. What human factors determine land use patterns?
Ans: Human factors that affect land use patterns are Technology, population, economic activities, and government policies.
2. Define soil?
Ans: Soil is a thin layer on the Earth’s surface. It is made of tiny pieces of rocks, minerals, and broken-down plants and animals.
3. What is weathering?
Ans: Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks and minerals on the earth’s surface decay due to factors like changes in temperature, water, wind, plants, and animals.
4. What is required to make the soil fertile?
Ans: Organic matter, proper moisture, minerals and nutrients are needed to make the soil fertile.
5. What is parent rock?
Ans: Parent rock is an origin rock that is broken down through weathering, and natural processes.
6. What are the factors of soil formation?
Ans: Major factors of soil formation are – the nature of the parent rock and climate.
Other factors of soil formation are – topography, the role of organic material and the time taken for the composition.
7. Give 5 examples of soil conservation methods.
Ans:
a. Mulching
b. Contour berries
c. Rock dame
d. Terrace farming
e. Intercropping
8. Why is the Earth called a water planet?
Ans: Earth is called the “water planet” because 70% of its surface is covered by water.
9. How much water is wasted in a year?
Ans: A dripping tap wastes 1,200 litres of water in a year.
10. What method of soil conservation is used in coastal and dry religion?
Ans: The shelter belt method is used in coastal and dry regions.
11. What are the factors threatening soil as a resource?
Ans: The factors that threaten soil as a resource are soil erosion, deforestation, overuse of chemicals,
12. Name some religions of water scarcity in the world.
Ans: The religions of water scarcity in the world are – Africa, West Asia, South Asia, parts of western USA, ts of South America, and northwest Mexico.
13. In what forms is fresh water found on the earth?
Ans: Freshwater is found in the forms of groundwater, rivers, and lakes.
14. Give an example of 3 types of purpose of land.
Ans:
a. Agriculture
b. For living
c. For community purposes, like parks, offices, and playgrounds.
15. What is Vanamahotsava?
Ans: Vanamahotsava is an annual tree plantation programme celebrated in India, it explains the importance of forests and how to protect the environment.
16. What is the name of the process involved in rain formation?
Ans: The process involved in rain formation is called the water cycle.
17. Name the method to save the surface run-off.
Ans: Water harvesting is the method to save surface run-off.
18. How is a bird-like vulture important for the ecosystem?
Ans: A vulture feeds on dead livestock so it cleanses the environment.
19. Name 4 of the major types of vegetation in the world.
Ans: The major types of vegetation in the world are –
a. Desert
b. Forest
c. Grassland
d. Tundra
20. Give one example of how to control water pollution.
Ans: Properly manage waste and don’t throw garbage in the rivers, and lakes.
21. Why land is a valuable resource?
Ans: land is a valuable resource because that is used for many purposes, like farming, agriculture, living etc.
22. Why do people live in plains and river valleys area?
Ans: People live in plains and river valley areas because where have good soil, water, and flat land surface.
23. What factors are used on how the land is used?
Ans: Land use depends on many natural factors like- climate , soil type, and fertile.
24. Why water is an essential resource?
Ans: Water is an essential for live, that is used many ways like drinking, growing crops, and raising animals, and cleaning etc.
Long type question & answer
1. What is conservation of land resource?
Ans: Conserving land resources means using it carefully to protect them for the future. Some stepes are given below –
a. Stopping soil erosion: Planting trees and use proper farming methods to protect the soil.
b. Reducing Pollution: Avoid harmful waste and chemicals away from the land.
c. Reducing pollution: Manage waste and chemicals responsibly to protect the land.
d. Crop Rotation: Use crop rotation methods to maintain soil fertility.
e. Organic Farming: Origanic farming are helps reduce the use of chemicals to keep land healthy.
f. Terrace Farming: This method are helps prevent the soil erosion.
2. What is weathering?
Ans: Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks and minerals on the earth’s surface decay due to factors like changes in temperature, water, wind, plants, and animals.
They are three types of weathring.
a. Physical Weathering
b. Chemical Weathering
c. Biological Weathering
a. Physical weathering: physical weathering its happens when rocks break into smaller pieces due to temperature changes, or wind.
b. Chemical Weathering: Chemical weathing its happens rocks change beacause of water, air, or acids.
c. Biological weathering: Biological weathering is the process where living things like plants, animals, and microbes break down rocks.
3. What are the method of soil conservation?
Ans: Humans and natural factors are both related to soil degradation. Causes of soil damage are cutting trees, overuse, chemical fertilizer, rain wash, landslides, and floods.
Some soil conservation methods are given below :
a. Mulching: Mulching is a method of covering the soil. It helps to retain soil moisture and improve soil quality.
b. Contour barriers: It’s a structure. They are made from Stones, grass, and soil. Trenches are made in front of barriers to gather water.
c. Rock dam: A rock dam is a barrier made of rocks across the river to block water flow.
d. Terrace farming: Terrace farming is a method of farming where steps are cut into a slope to create flat surfaces for growing crops. Which helps reduce soil erosion and save water.
e. Intercropping: Crops are grown at different times in alternative rows to protect the soil from washing by rain.
f. Contour ploughing: Contour ploughing is the practice of ploughing along the natural curves of the land. It helps soil erosion and save water.
g. Shelter belts: Shelter belts are rows of bushes planted to protect crops and soil from wind.
4. What is water? what are the problems of water avilability?
Ans: Water is a colourless liquid that is essential for all forms of life. Water makes up about 75% of the Earth’s surface, so the Earth is called the water planet.
Problems of water avilability
In most parts of the world like West Asia, south Asia, and Northwest Mexico – many countries face water shortages in water supply. These countries are located in a climate zone.
Some problems of water availability are given below:
a. Increasing human consumption
b. Climate
c. Natural disaster
d. Overuse of water
e. Water pollution
5. Write short note on natural vegetation?
Ans: Natural Vegetation is the group of plants that grow naturally in a particular area without human help. This includes forests, grasslands, shrubs, and other types of plants. They are found in different parts of the world based on climate and soil, example- dense forests grow in areas with heavy rainfall.
Natural vegetation is important because it gives us oxygen, food, wood, and medicine, and also provides shelter for animals and keeps the environment healthy. . Protecting natural vegetation is essential for save plants, animals, and maintain ecosystem.
6. write short not wildlife?
Ans: Wildlife refers to all the animals, birds, and insects that live in nature, not under human care. They live in their natural homes, like forests, oceans, or deserts. These creatures provides us various important [product ike, milk, meat, hides and wool.
Bees give us honey, that help pollination. they play the role of decomposers in the environment. Birds like, the vultures are scavengers and they help the environment cleansing. All forms are wildlife are an releated of our ecosystem.
7. What are the dangers to plants and animals in nature?
Ans: Forests and wildlife are an impotant resource, climate change and humans activity in the animal kingdom , then can loss of natural habitatfor plants and animals.
Cutting down forests for farming, buildings, and roads destroys their homes, Hunting and poaching lead to the loss of animal species, while causes of climate changes are temperature and rainfall changes, that can affect ecosystems.Overgrazing by livestock and forest fires also damage natural areas.
These problems are reduce biodiversity and destroy ecosystems, to save vegetation and wildlife, we need to protect forests, reduce pollution, stop illegal hunting, and take action.
8. which step has taken a governmentto conserve plant and animals?
Ans: The government has taken several steps to conserve plants and animals. Few points are given below –
a. Protected Areas: Establishing national parks, and biosphere reserves to protect animals and their natural habitats from human activities.
b. Planting Programs: Planting trees to restore forests and improve vegetation cover.
c. Awareness Campaigns: Teach people about the importance of protecting plants and animals.
d. Eco-development Projects: Supporting sustainable development to reduce pressure on forests and wildlife
e. Water Conservation: Protecting water sources like rivers and wetlands, which are vital for plants and animals.
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